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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Identification of Circular RNAs using RNA Sequencing
08:25

Identification of Circular RNAs using RNA Sequencing

Published on: November 14, 2019

Circular intronic long noncoding RNAs.

Yang Zhang1, Xiao-Ou Zhang, Tian Chen

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.

Molecular Cell
|September 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Circular intronic long noncoding RNAs (ciRNAs) accumulate in human cells due to debranching failure. These ciRNAs regulate parent gene expression, suggesting a cis-regulatory role for noncoding intronic transcripts.

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Use of Alu Element Containing Minigenes to Analyze Circular RNAs

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Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Identification of Circular RNAs using RNA Sequencing
08:25

Identification of Circular RNAs using RNA Sequencing

Published on: November 14, 2019

In Silico Identification and Characterization of circRNAs During Host-Pathogen Interactions
10:27

In Silico Identification and Characterization of circRNAs During Host-Pathogen Interactions

Published on: October 21, 2022

Use of Alu Element Containing Minigenes to Analyze Circular RNAs
13:10

Use of Alu Element Containing Minigenes to Analyze Circular RNAs

Published on: March 10, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • Circular intronic RNAs (ciRNAs) are a novel class of long noncoding RNAs.
  • Their accumulation in human cells is linked to impaired RNA processing, specifically debranching.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize circular intronic long noncoding RNAs (ciRNAs) in human cells.
  • To elucidate the formation, processing, and regulatory functions of ciRNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Recapitulation of ciRNA formation using expression vectors.
  • Analysis of sequence motifs critical for ciRNA processing.
  • Localization studies (nucleus) and assessment of microRNA target sites.
  • Gene expression analysis following ciRNA knockdown.
  • Association studies with transcriptional machinery (Pol II).

Main Results:

  • ciRNAs form due to a failure in the debranching process.
  • Specific sequence motifs (GU-rich and C-rich elements) are essential for ciRNA processing.
  • ciRNAs are predominantly nuclear and lack significant microRNA binding sites.
  • Knockdown of ciRNAs results in decreased expression of their parent genes.
  • The ciRNA ci-ankrd52 associates with Pol II and positively regulates transcription.

Conclusions:

  • ciRNAs represent a distinct class of regulatory noncoding RNAs.
  • ciRNAs play a cis-regulatory role by influencing the expression of their parent genes.
  • These findings reveal a novel mechanism of gene regulation involving intronic noncoding transcripts.