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Related Concept Videos

Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...
Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:24

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
Parkinson Disease l: Introduction01:24

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...
Huntington Disease l: Introduction01:21

Huntington Disease l: Introduction

Huntington disease or HD is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.PathophysiologyIt is caused by expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat in the HTT gene on chromosome 4 (4p16.3), producing an abnormal huntingtin protein with an expanded polyglutamine tract. This misfolded protein disrupts cellular function, leading to neuronal death. Normal alleles have ≤26 repeats, 27–35 are intermediate (risk of expansion), 36–39 show reduced penetrance,...
Alterations in Muscle Tone ll01:12

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...

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Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis
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Behavioral abnormalities in progressive supranuclear palsy.

Adam Gerstenecker1, Kevin Duff, Benjamin Mast

  • 1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.

Psychiatry Research
|September 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neuropsychiatric symptoms like apathy and depression are common in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Management strategies are needed to improve quality of life for PSP patients experiencing these behavioral disturbances.

Keywords:
ApathyDepressionNeuropsychiatric functioningNeuropsychiatric inventoryParkinsonianParkinsonism

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a rare neurodegenerative disease.
  • Classic PSP symptoms include postural instability, parkinsonism, and impaired vertical saccades.
  • Cognitive deficits and behavioral disturbances are also characteristic of PSP.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the prevalence and characteristics of neuropsychiatric symptoms in a cohort of clinically probable PSP patients.
  • To compare neuropsychiatric symptom scores with demographic, disease severity, cognitive, and motor features.
  • To highlight the need for clinical trials addressing neuropsychiatric morbidity in PSP.

Main Methods:

  • Data from 154 patients meeting criteria for clinically probable PSP were analyzed.
  • The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) was used to assess behavioral abnormalities.
  • NPI domain and total scores were compared to patient demographics and clinical features.

Main Results:

  • Behavioral abnormalities were highly prevalent in the PSP cohort.
  • More than 50% of patients experienced apathy, depression, and sleep problems.
  • Approximately one-third exhibited agitation, irritability, disinhibition, and eating problems.

Conclusions:

  • Neuropsychiatric symptoms are a significant and common comorbidity in progressive supranuclear palsy.
  • Few direct clinical correlates were identified for these neuropsychiatric symptoms in this cohort.
  • Effective management strategies and further clinical trials are essential for PSP patients' quality of life.