Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 7, 2026
07:15
Tactile Vibrating Toolkit and Driving Simulation Platform for Driving-Related Research
Published on: December 18, 2020
Invincibility fable: tool development to measure invincibility.
Mary E Wickman1, Deborah Koniak-Griffin
1Nursing Department, Vanguard University, Costa Mesa, CA.
Journal of Pediatric Nursing
|September 17, 2013
Summary
The Adolescent Invincibility Tool (AIT) shows promise as a reliable and valid measure for assessing adolescent invincibility, a developmental phase linked to risk behaviors.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Developmental Psychology
- Adolescent Psychology
Background:
- Invincibility is a developmental phase in adolescents.
- This phase is associated with increased risk-taking behaviors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Adolescent Invincibility Tool (AIT).
- To establish the reliability and validity of the AIT for measuring adolescent invincibility.
Main Methods:
- Reliability was assessed using internal consistency measures.
- Validity was examined through principal components analysis and criterion validity with related and contrasting measures.
- Factor analysis was employed to confirm subscales within the tool.
Main Results:
- The Adolescent Invincibility Tool (AIT) demonstrated strong internal consistency with a Cronbach's alpha of .88.
- Factor analysis confirmed the presence of distinct subscales.
- Criterion validity was supported by correlations with established measures of invincibility.
Conclusions:
- The Adolescent Invincibility Tool (AIT) is a preliminarily valid and reliable instrument for screening invincibility in adolescents.
- Further research is recommended to confirm its applicability across diverse youth populations.
Related Concept Videos
01:12Hindsight Biases
Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now?
01:29Magical Thinking
Magical thinking encompasses the belief in assumptions that defy logical reasoning yet appear intuitively convincing. It is a common psychological phenomenon that persists across various cultural and individual contexts. While these assumptions contradict empirical evidence and scientific laws, they often serve meaningful psychological roles in promoting emotional resilience and a sense of control, especially under stress or uncertainty.Thought-Action Fusion and the Law of SimilarityA key...
01:14Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness
Avoidance learning and learned helplessness are critical concepts in understanding behavioral responses to negative stimuli.
Avoidance learning occurs when an organism learns that a specific behavior can prevent an unpleasant outcome. For example, a student who receives a bad grade may start studying harder to avoid future poor grades. This behavior persists even when the negative outcome is no longer present. Avoidance learning is powerful because it maintains behavior in the absence of the...
Avoidance learning occurs when an organism learns that a specific behavior can prevent an unpleasant outcome. For example, a student who receives a bad grade may start studying harder to avoid future poor grades. This behavior persists even when the negative outcome is no longer present. Avoidance learning is powerful because it maintains behavior in the absence of the...
02:05Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping
People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about the way you...
01:19Counterfactual Thinking
Counterfactual thinking is a cognitive process wherein individuals mentally reconstruct alternative versions of past events, often beginning with “what if” or “if only.” This reflective mechanism plays a significant role in shaping emotional experiences and guiding future behavior. Though typically triggered by unfavorable or unexpected outcomes, counterfactual thinking can also emerge in mundane, everyday decisions and experiences, revealing its deep entrenchment in human cognition.Types of...
01:27Protecting Self-Esteem
Self-esteem, a central component of psychological well-being, is actively maintained through various cognitive and behavioral strategies. Individuals employ specific mechanisms to preserve a positive self-concept and mitigate threats to their self-worth, particularly in contexts involving social evaluation or personal feedback. Four primary techniques are commonly used to sustain self-esteem.Manipulating AppraisalsOne prominent strategy involves manipulating appraisals from others. Individuals...