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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

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Sex differences in time to task failure during early pubertal development.

Thorsten Rudroff1, Matthew R Holmes, Edward L Melanson

  • 1Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA; Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.

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PubMed
Summary

Pubertal stage significantly impacts muscle fatigability in children. Girls showed reduced time to task failure compared to boys at later pubertal stages (T2-T3), linked to body fat and coactivation.

Keywords:
body compositionchildrencoactivationmuscle fatigabilityphysical activity

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric exercise science
  • Muscle physiology
  • Human development

Background:

  • Muscle fatigability and activation patterns can differ between sexes.
  • Puberty is a critical period for physiological development, potentially influencing muscle function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare fatigability and muscle activation in children across three Tanner pubertal stages.
  • To investigate sex-based differences in elbow flexor muscle performance during sustained contractions.

Main Methods:

  • Seventy-two healthy children (aged 8-14 years) were assessed at Tanner stages 1, 2, and 3.
  • Measurements included time to task failure during a sustained submaximal contraction and muscle activation levels.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in fatigability or muscle activation were observed between sexes at Tanner stage 1 (prepubertal).
  • At Tanner stages 2 and 3, girls exhibited briefer time to task failure than boys.
  • In girls, coactivation indices and percent body fat predicted fatigability; in boys, muscle torque was the sole predictor.

Conclusions:

  • Sex-based differences in muscle fatigability and coactivation emerge during early puberty (Tanner stages 2-3).
  • These differences are not apparent before the onset of puberty (Tanner stage 1).