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Related Concept Videos

Production of Organic Acids01:25

Production of Organic Acids

Lactic acid, an important organic acid extensively applied in food, pharmaceutical, and biodegradable polymer industries, is primarily produced via microbial fermentation. This method is favored over chemical synthesis due to its environmental sustainability and capacity for enantiomerically pure product formation. Among various microbial processes, the fermentation of starch-based substrates stands out due to the abundance and renewability of raw materials like corn and potatoes.Hydrolysis of...
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The microbial conversion of organic matter into biofuels holds potential as a renewable energy source. Among biofuel sources, microalgae are recognized as a highly efficient and adaptable feedstock for biodiesel production, owing to their rapid biomass accumulation, elevated lipid productivity, and capacity to proliferate in diverse aquatic systems, including freshwater, marine, and wastewater habitats. Unlike terrestrial crops, microalgae do not compete for land and can achieve significantly...
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Strain improvement is a foundational strategy in industrial microbiology aimed at maximizing microbial productivity, particularly because natural isolates typically yield commercially valuable products in very low concentrations. Although optimizing the culture medium and environmental conditions can improve yields, these adjustments are inherently limited by the organism’s genetic potential. As a result, the focus shifts toward genetic modifications to enhance biosynthetic capacity. The...
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Bioplastics derived from microbial processes present a sustainable alternative to conventional petroleum-based plastics. Among these, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), particularly polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs), have emerged as prominent candidates due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. These polymers are synthesized by a variety of bacteria, such as Cupriavidus necator and Pseudomonas putida, which naturally accumulate PHAs as intracellular carbon and energy reserves, especially under...
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Microbial fermentation is central to food biotechnology, enhancing flavor, texture, preservation, and stability. Fermentative microorganisms metabolize carbohydrates into organic acids, alcohols, and other metabolites that inhibit spoilage organisms and improve digestibility while contributing distinctive sensory qualities.In baking, amylases naturally present in flour hydrolyze starch into monosaccharides such as glucose, which Saccharomyces cerevisiae ferments anaerobically. Through...
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Bioremediation is the use of prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to remove pollutants from the environment. This process has been used to remove harmful toxins in groundwater as a byproduct of agricultural run-off and also to clean up oil spills.

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Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Low-cost Ionic Liquids
10:42

Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Low-cost Ionic Liquids

Published on: August 10, 2016

Bioconversion of lignocellulose materials.

C Pothiraj1, P Kanmani, P Balaji

  • 1Department of Microbiology, VHNSN College 626001, Tamilnadu, S. India.

Mycobiology
|September 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary

White rot fungi efficiently convert lignocellulosic waste. Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Rhizopus stolonifer show diverse enzyme profiles for substrate bioconversion, impacting their waste utilization capabilities.

Keywords:
Bio-fuelBioconversionCellobiohydrolasesLignocellulosic enzymesWhite rot fungi

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11:39

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Published on: July 3, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Mycology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Lignocellulosic waste bioconversion is crucial for sustainable economies.
  • White rot fungi are key players in breaking down complex plant biomass.
  • Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Rhizopus stolonifer are commercially relevant fungi with distinct substrate preferences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the lignocellulolytic enzyme profiles of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Rhizopus stolonifer.
  • To understand how enzymatic diversity influences the bioconversion of lignocellulosic substrates.
  • To identify the specific enzymes responsible for lignin and cellulose degradation in these fungi.

Main Methods:

  • Cultivation of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Rhizopus stolonifer on different lignocellulosic substrates.
  • Qualitative and quantitative analysis of extracellular enzyme production.
  • Assay of key enzymes including cellulase, xylanase, and ligninase activities (e.g., Mn peroxidase, lignin peroxidase).

Main Results:

  • Phanerochaete chrysosporium, grown on highly lignified substrates, produces significant lignin-degrading enzymes (Mn peroxidase, lignin peroxidase).
  • Rhizopus stolonifer, preferring high-cellulose substrates, exhibits robust cellulolytic enzyme activity (cellobiohydrolases, β-glucosidases) with minimal lignin-degrading enzymes.
  • Significant qualitative variations in enzyme profiles were observed between the two fungal species.

Conclusions:

  • The distinct lignocellulolytic enzyme profiles of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Rhizopus stolonifer dictate their substrate specificity and bioconversion efficiency.
  • Understanding these enzymatic differences is vital for optimizing fungal applications in lignocellulosic waste management and biofuel production.
  • Enzyme diversity among white rot fungi offers potential for tailored biotechnological solutions.