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Appendicitis

Appendicitis

Appendicitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the vermiform appendix, most commonly caused by obstruction of its lumen. The appendix is a narrow, blind-ended pouch that extends from the cecum, making it particularly prone to obstruction. Causes include fecaliths, lymphoid hyperplasia (often after viral infections), parasites, tumors, or foreign bodies. This obstruction initiates a cascade of pathological changes.Luminal Obstruction and Early InflammationAfter obstruction, normal mucosal...

Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Esophageal perforations manifest in various clinical forms, influenced by factors such as the perforation's cause and location (cervical, intrathoracic, or intra-abdominal), the extent of contamination, and potential injury to adjacent mediastinal structures. The timing between the perforation occurrence and treatment initiation also affects the clinical presentation.
Clinical Manifestations:

Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction

Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction

Esophageal perforation is a severe medical condition characterized by a breach in the integrity of the esophageal wall. This breach can occur due to various factors such as trauma, medical procedures, or underlying diseases. When the esophageal wall is compromised, it allows food, fluids, and digestive juices into the chest cavity or adjacent structures, leading to potential complications and health risks.
The location of esophageal perforation can vary, occurring anywhere along the esophagus.

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
Etiology: Appendicitis can arise from various causes, primarily rooted in the obstruction of the appendix lumen. Factors contributing to this obstruction include fecal accumulation, lymphoid hyperplasia and, in...

Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Diagnosing and managing appendicitis requires a structured and comprehensive approach that spans from initial assessment to postoperative care. Here is an overview of the process:
Diagnosing Appendicitis
It requires a multifaceted approach, starting with a detailed physical examination to pinpoint the location and nature of the pain and identify any associated symptoms. Laboratory tests play a crucial role. A complete Blood Count (CBC) typically reveals leukocytosis (an increased number of...

Peritoneum

Peritoneum

The peritoneum is a vital membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers most of the organs within it. It plays a crucial role in protecting the organs, providing a smooth surface for their movement, and facilitating various physiological processes. Understanding the anatomy and function of the peritoneum is essential for comprehending the complexities of the abdominal region.
Anatomy of the Peritoneum
The peritoneum is divided into two layers: the parietal peritoneum and the visceral...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure

Published on: March 12, 2020

Perforated neonatal appendicitis with pneumoperitoneum.

Yousuf Aziz Khan¹, Kanwal Zia, Nasir Salim Saddal

¹Department of Paediatric Surgery, National Institute of Child Health (N.I.C.H.), Rafiquee Shaheed Road, Karachi - 75510, Pakistan.

APSP Journal of Case Reports

|September 17, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Neonatal appendicitis is rare and often fatal. Perforation rarely causes significant pneumoperitoneum, as seen in an 11-day-old infant who unfortunately demised after surgery.

Keywords:

Mortality Neonatal appendicitis Pneumoperitoneum

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Area of Science:

Neonatal surgery
Pediatric gastroenterology
Abdominal emergencies

Background:

Acute appendicitis is uncommon in neonates, carrying a high mortality rate.
Perforated appendicitis in newborns infrequently manifests with radiologically evident pneumoperitoneum.

Observation:

An 11-day-old neonate presented with abdominal distension and feeding refusal.
Abdominal X-ray confirmed significant pneumoperitoneum.

Findings:

Exploratory laparotomy revealed a perforated appendix.
Appendectomy was performed, but the neonate experienced a complicated postoperative course.

Implications:

This case highlights the diagnostic challenges of neonatal appendicitis.
Delayed diagnosis and perforation contribute to poor outcomes.
Early recognition and intervention are critical for improving survival rates in neonatal surgical emergencies.