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Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Whole Body Vibration Methods with Survivors of Polio

Whole Body Vibration Methods with Survivors of Polio

Published on: October 17, 2018

Tetanus in Poland in 2011.

Andrzej Zieliński¹, Jolanta Rudowska

¹Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Public Health -National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland. azielinski@pzh.gov.pl

Przeglad Epidemiologiczny

|September 18, 2013

Summary

Tetanus cases in Poland primarily affect individuals over 50. Promoting timely tetanus vaccination for the elderly is crucial to prevent this serious infectious disease.

Area of Science:

Epidemiology
Infectious Diseases
Public Health

Background:

Tetanus remains a significant public health concern globally.
Understanding the epidemiological trends of tetanus is vital for targeted prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the epidemiological situation of tetanus in Poland during 2011.
To identify key demographic factors and vaccination status of tetanus cases.

Main Methods:

Analysis of national data on infectious diseases and vaccinations for 2011.
Review of individual case reports submitted to the Department of Epidemiology, NIPH-NIH.

Main Results:

14 cases of tetanus were reported in Poland in 2011, with an incidence of 0.036 per 100,000 population.

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All reported cases involved patients aged 50 years or older.

A significant proportion of cases (5 out of 14) resulted in death, highlighting the severity of the disease.

Conclusions:

Tetanus incidence in Poland is concentrated in the elderly population (over 50 years).
Reinforcement of tetanus vaccination programs for individuals over 50 is recommended.
Adherence to recommended booster vaccination intervals (every 10 years) is essential for maintaining immunity.