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Updated: May 7, 2026

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Modulation of the human nociceptive flexion reflex by pleasant and unpleasant odors

Michelangelo Bartolo1, Mariano Serrao, Zurab Gamgebeli

  • 1NeuroRehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Neurological Mediterranean Institute NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy University Center for Adaptive Disorders and Head pain (UCADH), Pavia, Italy Neurorehabilitation Unit, "Sapienza" University of Rome Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy Rehabilitation Center, Policlinico Italia, Rome, Italy Laboratory of Nociceptive Psychophysiology, Casimiro Mondino National Institute of Neurology Foundation, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy Center of Audiology and Hearing Rehabilitation, Tbilisi, Georgia Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia IRCCS Neurological Mediterranean Institute NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy Fondazione Don Gnocchi, Milan, Italy Headache Science Center, Casimiro Mondino National Institute of Neurology Foundation, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy Department of Public Health, Neuroscience, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.

Pain
|September 18, 2013
PubMed

Keywords:
NociceptionNociceptive withdrawal reflexOdor olfactory stimulationOlfactory

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