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Updated: May 7, 2026

Investigating Pain-Related Avoidance Behavior using a Robotic Arm-Reaching Paradigm
Published on: October 3, 2020
Pain-related fear of movement and catastrophizing in whiplash-associated disorders
Rubén Nieto1, Jordi Miró2, Anna Huguet3
1PSiNET Research Group, Internet Interdisciplinary Institute, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya.
Objective:
The main aim of this study was to test whether pain-related fear of movement and catastrophizing were predictors of pain intensity and disability 6 months after a whiplash injury. The mediator role of fear of movement was also explored. A sample of 147 whiplash patients with neck pain for less than 3 months participated in the first assessment, and 123 of them were interviewed again at a 6-month follow-up. Multiple regression analyses were performed.
Results:
Fear of movement, initial pain intensity and initial disability were independent predictors of disability at the 6-month follow-up. Initial pain intensity and initial pain duration were significant predictors of pain intensity at 6 months. Fear of movement was found not to be a mediator in either of the 2 outcomes at the 6-month follow-up.
Conclusions:
These findings suggest that interventions designed to reduce the impact of injury severity and pain-related fear of movement after a motor vehicle accident may be relevant for preventing long-lasting symptoms.
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