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Related Concept Videos

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...

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Updated: May 7, 2026

Generation and Maintenance of Primate Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived from Urine
07:46

Generation and Maintenance of Primate Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived from Urine

Published on: July 28, 2023

Novel tools, classic techniques: evolutionary studies using primate pluripotent stem cells.

Branka Hrvoj-Mihic1, Maria C N Marchetto2, Fred H Gage3

  • 1Department of Anthropology; School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego.

Biological Psychiatry
|September 18, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology allows scientists to study human brain evolution by examining species-specific neurons. This approach offers new insights into human adaptation and neurological disorders.

Keywords:
Brain developmentevolutionary modelinduced pluripotent stem cells

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Selecting and Isolating Colonies of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Reprogrammed from Adult Fibroblasts
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Selecting and Isolating Colonies of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Reprogrammed from Adult Fibroblasts

Published on: February 20, 2012

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Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Generation and Maintenance of Primate Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived from Urine
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Generation and Maintenance of Primate Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived from Urine

Published on: July 28, 2023

Selecting and Isolating Colonies of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Reprogrammed from Adult Fibroblasts
13:23

Selecting and Isolating Colonies of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Reprogrammed from Adult Fibroblasts

Published on: February 20, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Genomic tools and primate neuroanatomy studies offer insights into human brain evolution.
  • Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology enables the study of species-specific neuronal phenotypes.
  • Limited research specimens have historically hindered evolutionary studies of the human brain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the experimental role of iPSC technology in analyzing neocortical pyramidal neurons.
  • To explore how iPSC technology can test evolutionary hypotheses regarding human brain development.
  • To investigate the potential of iPSC-derived neurons in understanding human and nonhuman primate phenotypic differences.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing genomic tools for analyzing species-specific alterations.
  • Applying induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology to generate species-specific neurons.
  • Focusing on neocortical pyramidal neurons due to their abundance, morphological variations, and molecular signatures.

Main Results:

  • Pyramidal neurons exhibit species-specific morphological and molecular variations.
  • Human and nonhuman primate iPSC-derived neurons serve as a resource for studying phenotypic differences.
  • iPSC technology provides a novel method for investigating evolutionary hypotheses.

Conclusions:

  • iPSC technology offers a powerful tool to study human brain evolution and adaptation.
  • Analyzing pyramidal neurons with iPSCs can elucidate phenotypic distinctions between humans and other hominids.
  • This research can bridge evolutionary studies with biomedical research on neurological disorders.