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Related Concept Videos

Hematopoiesis01:21

Hematopoiesis

The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
Overview of Hematopoiesis01:20

Overview of Hematopoiesis

Hematopoiesis, or blood cell production, is a vital biological process that begins early in embryonic development and continues throughout life. This process generates the various types of cells found in blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
Developmental Phases of Hematopoiesis
Initially, HSCs are formed in the embryonic yolk sac, a critical site for early blood cell production. These stem cells subsequently migrate to other...
Development of Blood Vessels01:07

Development of Blood Vessels

The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
The initial formation of this system is facilitated by the small amount of yolk present in the ovum and yolk sac. Blood vessels originate from...
Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
Production of Formed Elements01:34

Production of Formed Elements

Hemangioblasts are multipotent stem cells originating from the mesoderm. They give rise to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which undergo hematopoiesis to produce all the formed elements of blood. This process is regulated by a complex network of hematopoietic growth factors, including transcription factors, growth factors, and cytokines. These factors stimulate the HSCs to divide and differentiate, though some HSCs remain undifferentiated to maintain a self-renewing pool.
Most HSCs commit to...
Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation01:10

Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation

The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...

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Updated: May 7, 2026

Directed Differentiation of Primitive and Definitive Hematopoietic Progenitors from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
14:37

Directed Differentiation of Primitive and Definitive Hematopoietic Progenitors from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: November 1, 2017

Embryonic hematopoiesis.

Rachel Golub1, Ana Cumano

  • 1Unit of Lymphopoiesis, Department of Immunology, INSERM U668, Pasteur Institute, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité (Cellule Pasteur), rue du Docteur Roux ,75015 Paris, France.

Blood Cells, Molecules & Diseases
|September 18, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) originate from two embryonic waves, with the yolk sac producing primitive erythrocytes and myeloid cells, and the dorsal aorta generating immature HSCs that mature in the fetal liver.

Keywords:
AGMBMCFU-SDCEEmbryoFLFLOCFSFSOCFetal liverFetal spleenG-CSFGFPHIACHSCsHematopoiesisLTRLTiM-CSFNKRagSStem cellsYSaorta gonads mesonephrosbone marrowcolony forming unit-spleendendritic cellsembryonic dayfetal liverfetal liver organ culturefetal spleenfetal spleen organ culturegranulocyte colony-stimulating-factorgreen fluorescence proteinhematopoietic stem cellsintra aortic hematopoietic clusterslong-term reconstitutionlymphoid tissue inducermacrophage colony-stimulating-factornatural killer cellsrecombination activation genesomitesyolk sac

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Clonal Analysis of Embryonic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Precursors Using Single Cell Index Sorting Combined with Endothelial Cell Niche Co-culture
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Clonal Analysis of Embryonic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Precursors Using Single Cell Index Sorting Combined with Endothelial Cell Niche Co-culture

Published on: May 8, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Hematopoiesis
  • Stem cell biology

Background:

  • Hematopoiesis, the continuous production of blood cells, originates from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
  • Vertebrate hematopoiesis involves two distinct embryonic precursor waves: one in the yolk sac and another in the dorsal aorta.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the origins and developmental trajectory of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) during embryonic development.
  • To describe the distinct roles of the two embryonic hematopoietic waves in generating different blood cell types.

Main Methods:

  • The study is based on existing literature and established knowledge of embryonic development and hematopoiesis.
  • Analysis of cell lineage, gene expression, and cell surface markers associated with HSC maturation.

Main Results:

  • The first wave, from the yolk sac, generates primitive erythrocytes and myeloid progenitors (microglia, Langerhans cells).
  • The second wave, from the dorsal aorta, produces immature HSCs that mature in the aorta or fetal liver, expressing specific markers (MHC class I, CD45, CD150, Sca-1) and lacking CD48.
  • HSCs expand significantly in the fetal liver and then colonize the spleen, where myeloid and lymphoid differentiation is promoted.

Conclusions:

  • Embryonic development involves two distinct waves of hematopoiesis with specialized functions.
  • Immature HSCs generated in the dorsal aorta undergo critical maturation steps in the fetal liver before colonizing secondary hematopoietic organs.