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Related Concept Videos

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia01:27

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia

Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...
Depression: Overview01:18

Depression: Overview

Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
Depressive Disorders: Etiology01:27

Depressive Disorders: Etiology

Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
Biological Factors in Depression
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Long-term Depression01:05

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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Long-term Depression01:03

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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...
Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation01:13

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation

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Association Between Sleep Quality and Cognitive Symptoms in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
04:33

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Published on: April 26, 2024

Depressive symptoms and sleep: a population-based polysomnographic study.

Laura Siqueira Castro1, Juliana Castro, Marcelo Queiroz Hoexter

  • 1Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil(1).

Psychiatry Research
|September 18, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Depression affects 10.9% of adults in Sao Paulo, Brazil, particularly women and those with lower socioeconomic status. This study links depressive symptoms to sleep issues and reduced quality of life, not polysomnography changes.

Keywords:
Depressive-symptomsEpidemiologyInsomniaPolysomnography

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Depression is a prevalent mental health condition with significant public health implications.
  • Understanding the interplay between sociodemographic factors, sleep disturbances, and depression is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of depression in Sao Paulo's adult population.
  • To investigate associations between depression and sociodemographic, physical, psychological factors, sleep symptoms, and polysomnography parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study with 1101 adult participants.
  • Utilized questionnaires (including Beck Depression Inventory) and polysomnography.
  • Depression defined as a Beck Depression Inventory score > 20.

Main Results:

  • Prevalence of depression was 10.9%, higher in women, housewives, non-workers, and those with lower education/income.
  • Depressed individuals were 2.5 times more likely to have combined sleep symptoms and impaired quality of life.
  • Insomnia and anxiety were associated with depressive symptoms; polysomnography showed no group differences, though sleep apnea was common (30%) in both.

Conclusions:

  • Depressive symptoms in Sao Paulo are linked to lower education, income, comorbid symptoms, and reduced quality of life.
  • High prevalence of sleep apnea suggests potential socioeconomic burdens associated with depression and sleep disorders.