Management of risk factors among ambulatory patients at high cardiovascular risk in Canada: a follow-up study

Limited longitudinal data are available on attainment of guideline-recommended treatment targets among ambulatory patients at high risk for cardiovascular events.

The Vascular Protection registry and the Guidelines Oriented Approach to Lipid Lowering registry recruited 8056 ambulatory patients at high risk for, or with established cardiovascular disease; follow-up was not protocol-mandated. We stratified the study population according to the availability of 6-month follow-up data into 2 groups, and compared their clinical characteristics, medication profile, and attainment of contemporaneous guideline-recommended blood pressure (BP) and lipid targets both at enrollment and at 6-month follow-up.

Of the 8056 patients, only 5371 (66.7%) patients had 6-month follow-up, who had significant increases in the use of statins and antihypertensive medications at 6 months compared with at enrollment (all P < 0.001). Compared with at time of enrollment, more patients attained the BP target (45.3% vs 42.3%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) target (62.8% vs 45.8%), and both targets (29.7% vs 21.6%) at 6-month follow-up (all P < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, independent predictors of attainment of BP target included history of coronary artery disease and heart failure (all P ≤ 0.001). On the other hand, advanced age, diabetes, coronary artery disease, previous coronary revascularization, and use of statin therapy were independently associated with achievement of LDL-C target (all P < 0.005).

Most (> 50%) patients without 6-month follow-up did not attain guideline-recommended BP and LDL-C targets at enrollment. Although BP and lipid control improved at 6 months among patients with follow-up, most still failed to achieve optimal BP and lipid targets. Effective ongoing quality improvement measures and follow-up are warranted.