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Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...
Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...
Ultrasound II: Endoscopic Ultrasound and FibroScan01:25

Ultrasound II: Endoscopic Ultrasound and FibroScan

Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) and FibroScan are valuable diagnostic tools in gastroenterology and hepatology, each with specific applications and techniques.
Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS):

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Novel In Vivo Micro-Computed Tomography Imaging Techniques for Assessing the Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
08:41

Novel In Vivo Micro-Computed Tomography Imaging Techniques for Assessing the Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Published on: March 24, 2023

The global NAFLD epidemic.

Rohit Loomba1, Arun J Sanyal

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0063, USA.

Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology
|September 18, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing global health issue. Its prevalence and characteristics differ worldwide, influenced by factors like genetics and insulin resistance, particularly in Asian populations.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Novel In Vivo Micro-Computed Tomography Imaging Techniques for Assessing the Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
08:41

Novel In Vivo Micro-Computed Tomography Imaging Techniques for Assessing the Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Published on: March 24, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology and Gastroenterology
  • Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders
  • Global Public Health

Background:

  • Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of liver conditions characterized by fat accumulation.
  • NAFLD prevalence is rising globally, posing a significant public health challenge.
  • The condition ranges from simple fatty liver to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the global epidemiology of NAFLD.
  • To compare demographic characteristics and risk factors across different world regions.
  • To investigate the role of genetics and insulin resistance in NAFLD progression.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological data on NAFLD prevalence and demographics.
  • Analysis of regional variations in NAFLD presentation and associated conditions.
  • Discussion of potential genetic and metabolic factors influencing disease.

Main Results:

  • NAFLD prevalence and clinical phenotypes vary worldwide.
  • Risk factor associations, such as obesity and insulin resistance, differ geographically.
  • Lower BMI and atypical insulin resistance patterns are observed in Asian populations.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding regional NAFLD epidemiology is crucial for targeted public health strategies.
  • Genetics and variations in insulin resistance may explain geographical differences in NAFLD.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the specific mechanisms driving these global disparities.