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Inflammation

Inflammation

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins

Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...

Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Hemostasis

Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Hemostasis

Blood clotting or coagulation involves extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, which ultimately merge into the common pathway, forming a fibrin clot.
The Extrinsic Pathway
The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is typically initiated by tissue damage that exposes blood to tissue factor (TF), a protein released by the damaged tissue cells outside the blood vessels—this interaction with TF triggers biochemical reactions involving specific clotting factors. The key player here is Factor VII, which forms a...

Acute Inflammation II: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute Inflammation II: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

A Human Ex Vivo Atherosclerotic Plaque Model to Study Lesion Biology

A Human Ex Vivo Atherosclerotic Plaque Model to Study Lesion Biology

Published on: May 6, 2014

Inflammation and coagulation in atherosclerosis.

K A Krychtiuk¹, S P Kastl, W S Speidl

¹Walter S. Speidl, MD Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin II - klinische Abteilung für Kardiologie, Medizinische Universität Wien Währingergürtel 18-20, 1090 Wien, Austria, Tel. +43/1/404 00 46 14; Fax +43/1/404 00 42 16,

Hamostaseologie

|September 18, 2013

Summary

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory cardiovascular disease. Research highlights immune system involvement and explores new anti-inflammatory therapies, despite challenges in translating mouse model findings to human treatments.

Keywords:

CRP Inflammation atherosclerosis

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Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cells Within Murine Aortas

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cells Within Murine Aortas

Published on: July 1, 2011

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Last Updated: May 7, 2026

A Human Ex Vivo Atherosclerotic Plaque Model to Study Lesion Biology

A Human Ex Vivo Atherosclerotic Plaque Model to Study Lesion Biology

Published on: May 6, 2014

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cells Within Murine Aortas

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cells Within Murine Aortas

Published on: July 1, 2011

Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Biology
Immunology
Vascular Medicine

Background:

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally.
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the vessel wall.
Despite advances, atherosclerosis treatments remain limited.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize current understanding of atherosclerosis pathophysiology.
To highlight the role of the immune system in atherogenesis.
To discuss challenges and future directions in cardiovascular disease therapy.

Main Methods:

Review of clinical trials and autopsy studies.
Utilizing mouse models of atherosclerosis.
Investigating genetic modification techniques.

Main Results:

Atherosclerosis involves LDL-particle accumulation and inflammation.
Immune cells (macrophages, T-cells, B-cells) and complement system play key roles.
Cross-talk between coagulation and inflammation is increasingly recognized.

Conclusions:

The immune system is critically involved in atherosclerosis.
Mouse models provide insights but have limitations in human translation.
New anti-inflammatory therapies for cardiovascular disease are under investigation.