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Related Concept Videos

Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
Cancer Survival Analysis01:21

Cancer Survival Analysis

Cancer survival analysis focuses on quantifying and interpreting the time from a key starting point, such as diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, to a specific endpoint, such as remission or death. This analysis provides critical insights into treatment effectiveness and factors that influence patient outcomes, helping to shape clinical decisions and guide prognostic evaluations. A cornerstone of oncology research, survival analysis tackles the challenges of skewed, non-normally...
Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
Treatment Resistent Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistent Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...

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Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition
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Published on: March 11, 2021

Lessons learned from radiation oncology clinical trials.

Fei-Fei Liu1, , Paul Okunieff

  • 1Authors' Affiliations: Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Shands Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida; Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Molecular Radiation Therapeutics Branch, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, and Clinical Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland; Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa; and Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York.

Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research
|September 18, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Radiation oncology trials often yield null results due to complex cancer biology and design limitations. Analyzing these outcomes is crucial for improving future clinical trial design and patient benefit.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Clinical Trials
  • Radiation Therapy

Background:

  • A workshop convened to discuss radiation oncology clinical trials, particularly those failing to refute the null hypothesis.
  • The focus was on understanding challenges and deriving lessons from recently conducted trials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize questions raised by null-hypothesis trials.
  • To assess preclinical data supporting trial hypotheses and identify limitations.
  • To propose solutions for future clinical trial design.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion and examination of recently conducted radiation oncology clinical trials.
  • Analysis of preclinical data quality and limitations.
  • Identification of recurring themes from trial outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Several key themes emerged: learning from null trials via tissue/imaging studies, valuing preclinical data for combinatorial therapies, the significance of biomarkers, ensuring radiotherapy quality assurance, conducting adequately powered studies, and the importance of publishing all results.
  • Null results are expected in hypothesis-driven trials due to biological complexity and design constraints.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the reasons for null results is essential for advancing radiation oncology.
  • Integrating technological innovations with evolving cancer biology is key to maximizing patient benefit in future trials.