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Micelles

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Micelle formation is an intricate process that hinges on the properties of amphiphilic or amphipathic molecules and the conditions of the system in which they are found. Amphiphilic molecules, which have both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) parts, play a critical role in this process.In aqueous environments, these molecules arrange themselves such that their hydrophilic heads are turned towards the water phase, while their hydrophobic tails are oriented away...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Core-Shell Metal-Organic Frameworks

Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Core-Shell Metal-Organic Frameworks

Published on: February 10, 2023

Formation of core-shell structured composite microparticles via cyclic gas-solid reactions.

Zhenchao Sun¹, Qiang Zhou, Liang-Shih Fan

¹William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University , 140 West 19th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids

|September 19, 2013

Summary

This study introduces an eco-friendly method for creating core-shell microparticles using gas-solid reactions and solid-phase diffusion. This novel approach avoids solvents, offering a greener alternative for material synthesis.

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Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Core-Shell Metal-Organic Frameworks

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Encapsulation and Permeability Characteristics of Plasma Polymerized Hollow Particles

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Published on: August 16, 2012

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Chemical Engineering
Nanotechnology

Background:

Conventional methods for synthesizing core-shell microparticles often rely on solvent-intensive coating processes.
These methods can be costly and generate significant environmental waste.
There is a need for more sustainable and efficient preparation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and demonstrate a novel, low-cost, and environmentally friendly preparation strategy for core-shell structured composite microparticles.
To elucidate the formation mechanism of these microparticles, emphasizing the role of solid-phase ionic diffusion.
To validate the proposed strategy through experimental evidence and computational modeling.

Main Methods:

Utilized a gas-solid reaction cycle involving reduction (H2) and oxidation (O2) of a mixed Fe2O3 and Al2O3 powder at 900 °C for 50 cycles.
Employed Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) for structural and compositional analysis.
Applied a 2-D continuum diffusion model to simulate product layer growth and inter-particle bridging during oxidation.

Main Results:

Successfully synthesized Al2O3 core-Fe2O3 shell composite microparticles, confirmed by SEM and EDX analysis.
Demonstrated that solid-phase cation diffusion (Fe cations) is crucial for core-shell structure formation, contrasting with anion diffusion (O anions).
The 2-D diffusion model simulation corroborated the proposed core-shell formation mechanism.

Conclusions:

The novel gas-solid reaction strategy, driven by solid-phase ionic diffusion, provides an effective and green route for producing core-shell microparticles.
This method circumvents the need for solvents, reducing environmental impact and potentially lowering production costs.
The findings highlight the critical role of diffusion mechanisms in materials synthesis and offer a new perspective for designing composite microstructures.