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Related Concept Videos

Aggression01:47

Aggression

Humans engage in aggression when they seek to cause harm or pain to another person. Aggression takes two forms depending on one’s motives: hostile or instrumental. Hostile aggression is motivated by feelings of anger with intent to cause pain; a fight in a bar with a stranger is an example of hostile aggression. In contrast, instrumental aggression is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain (Berkowitz, 1993); a contract killer who murders for hire...
Bullying02:04

Bullying

A modern form of aggression is bullying. As you learn in your study of child development, socializing and playing with other children is beneficial for children’s psychological development. However, as you may have experienced as a child, not all play behavior has positive outcomes. Some children are aggressive and want to play roughly. Other children are selfish and do not want to share toys. One form of negative social interactions among children that has become a national concern is bullying.
Relationship Formation02:12

Relationship Formation

What do you think is the single most influential factor in determining with whom you become friends and whom you form romantic relationships? You might be surprised to learn that the answer is simple: the people with whom you have the most contact. This most important factor is proximity. You are more likely to be friends with people you have regular contact with. For example, there are decades of research that shows that you are more likely to become friends with people who live in your dorm,...
Jealousy in Romantic Relationships01:23

Jealousy in Romantic Relationships

Jealousy is an instinctive yet socially complex emotion that arises when a close relationship is threatened. Its origins lie in both biological imperatives and sociocultural conditioning, making it a multifaceted psychological construct. Although universally experienced, the triggers and expressions of jealousy vary notably between individuals, especially across genders, due to evolutionary pressures and cultural influences.Gender Differences and Evolutionary TheoryEvolutionary theory explains...
Role of Affect in Interpersonal Attraction01:24

Role of Affect in Interpersonal Attraction

Affect plays a crucial role in shaping interpersonal evaluations and perceptions. Emotions influence how individuals judge and respond to others, often determining whether interactions are viewed positively or negatively. This effect can manifest directly through interactions with the person in question or indirectly via associations with unrelated emotional experiences.Direct Effects of Affect on AttractionAffect directly influences interpersonal attraction when a person’s behavior elicits...
Ending Relationships01:28

Ending Relationships

The dissolution of intimate relationships presents complex emotional and psychological challenges, particularly when emotional bonds are strong, the relationship is long-standing, and perceived alternatives are limited. This distress often intensifies in romantic breakups, where the initiator may experience greater turmoil than the rejected partner. Contributing factors include residual attachment, guilt over causing pain, and uncertainty about how to manage the situation. The stress is further...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress
09:12

The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress

Published on: July 4, 2013

Emotionally abusive behavior in young couples: exploring a role for implicit aggression.

Jane L Ireland1, Philip Birch

  • 1School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire and Ashworth Research Centre, Mersey Care NHS Trust, UK. JLIreland1@uclan.ac.uk

Violence and Victims
|September 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Emotional abuse in relationships is linked to higher levels of implicit aggression, especially in women. This subtle, unconscious aggression was also found in mutual aggressors and victims.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Relationship Science

Background:

  • Emotional abuse is a prevalent issue in intimate relationships.
  • Understanding the cognitive underpinnings of aggression in abusive dynamics is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between emotional abuse and implicit aggression in young adults.
  • To investigate gender differences in this association.

Main Methods:

  • 269 participants (18-25 years) completed the Multidimensional Measure of Emotional Abuse (MMEA) and the Puzzle Test for implicit aggression.
  • Data analyzed to identify correlations between emotional victimization, perpetration, and implicit aggression.

Main Results:

  • Overall emotional victimization was associated with increased implicit aggression, particularly for women.
  • Individuals classified as perpetrators/victims also showed higher implicit aggression.
  • Women reported higher levels of implicit aggression compared to men.

Conclusions:

  • Implicit aggression may play a role in the cycle of emotional abuse.
  • Findings highlight the importance of considering unconscious cognitive processes in understanding relationship aggression.
  • Further research is needed to explore theoretical frameworks linking emotional abuse and implicit aggression.