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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
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DNA Packaging

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DNA Packaging00:58

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Epigenetic memory emerging from integrated transcription bursts.

Volker Kurz1, Edward M Nelson, Nicolas Perry

  • 1University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Systems Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Bacteria coordinate gene expression using quorum-sensing (QS) signals.
  • Environmental noise can interfere with cellular responses to QS.
  • The lux QS system's positive autoregulation is crucial for signal integration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate how the lux QS system integrates noisy signals into epigenetic memory.
  • Understand the role of transcriptional bursting in cellular response.
  • Characterize the emergent properties of the system in response to chemical gradients.

Main Methods:

  • Studied the lux QS system with precise control over cellular genes and microenvironment.
  • Observed transcriptional bursting of the lux receptor.
  • Analyzed epigenetic memory formation and enhanced sensitivity to QS ligand.
  • Examined pattern formation in response to a chemical gradient.

Main Results:

  • Transcriptional bursting of the lux receptor was observed under near-threshold QS ligand stimulation.
  • These bursts integrate over time, forming an epigenetic memory.
  • This memory enhances cellular sensitivity to the QS ligand.
  • Phenotypic pattern formation emerged within a chemical gradient.

Conclusions:

  • The lux QS system effectively integrates noisy environmental signals into a stable epigenetic memory.
  • Transcriptional bursting is a key mechanism for signal integration and enhanced sensitivity.
  • The system exhibits emergent properties like pattern formation, demonstrating complex adaptive behavior.