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Draft genome sequence of the mulberry tree Morus notabilis

Ningjia He1, Chi Zhang, Xiwu Qi

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.

Nature Communications
|September 20, 2013
PubMed

Insights

Researchers sequenced the mulberry genome, revealing genes that evolve rapidly and may influence plant-insect interactions. This study aids in developing improved mulberry varieties for agriculture.

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Plant Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • The interaction between mulberry (Morus spp.) and silkworms has historical significance, driving global trade via the Silk Road.
  • Understanding the genetic basis of this interaction is crucial for agricultural advancements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the genome sequence of the mulberry species Morus notabilis.
  • To identify genes and genomic features relevant to mulberry's evolution and its interaction with silkworms.

Main Methods:

  • Genome sequencing and assembly of Morus notabilis.
  • Identification and analysis of repetitive sequences and protein-coding genes.
  • Transcriptome sequencing to support gene annotation.
  • Comparative genomic analysis with other Rosales species.
  • Bioinformatic analysis of microRNAs (miRNAs) and genes under diversifying selection.

Main Results:

  • A 330-Mb mulberry genome assembly containing 29,338 genes was generated, with 60.8% supported by transcriptome data.
  • Mulberry genes exhibit approximately 3x faster evolution compared to other Rosales, potentially explaining its widespread distribution.
  • The study identified a lack of ancient genome duplications but evidence of neopolyploidy, suggesting ongoing genome evolution.
  • Five mulberry microRNAs were detected in silkworm hemolymph and silk glands, indicating molecular-level plant-herbivore interactions.
  • Genes related to diversifying selection, resistance, and protease inhibitors in laticifers were identified.

Conclusions:

  • The Morus notabilis genome provides a valuable resource for understanding mulberry evolution and its relationship with silkworms.
  • Rapid gene evolution and potential neopolyploidy in mulberry may contribute to its adaptability and success.
  • The discovery of mulberry miRNAs in silkworms highlights complex molecular interactions in this plant-herbivore system.
  • Identifying key genes will facilitate marker-assisted breeding for improved mulberry plant traits, such as disease resistance and yield.

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