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Related Concept Videos

Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
Evolution of Microbial Genome01:08

Evolution of Microbial Genome

Microbial genome evolution is a highly dynamic process shaped by continual gene gain and loss across species and strains. This genomic flexibility allows microorganisms to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures and interactions with other organisms. Central to understanding this diversity is the distinction between the core and pan genomes.The core genome comprises the genes shared by all sampled strains of a species, representing essential functions needed for fundamental cellular processes.
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
Gene Families01:57

Gene Families

Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

Evolution after whole-genome duplication: a network perspective.

Yun Zhu1, Zhenguo Lin, Luay Nakhleh

  • 1Department of Computer Science, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005.

G3 (Bethesda, Md.)
|September 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Gene duplication drives genome evolution. This study reveals that while gene sequences evolve rapidly, their molecular interactions evolve much slower, impacting gene expression and fitness.

Keywords:
duplication rateprotein networkswhole-genome duplicationyeast

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genomics
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Gene duplication is a key mechanism for evolutionary innovation.
  • Understanding post-duplication evolution at sequence and network levels is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the interplay between sequence and network evolution after whole-genome duplication (WGD).
  • Correlate evolutionary divergence with gene expression and fitness.
  • Develop methods to predict the evolutionary fate of duplicated genes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of yeast gene pairs from whole-genome duplication (WGD).
  • Comparison of evolutionary rates at sequence and molecular interaction levels.
  • Correlation analysis with gene expression and fitness data.
  • Development of a network-based algorithm to infer evolutionary fates.

Main Results:

  • Molecular interactions of WGD genes evolve orders of magnitude slower than their sequences.
  • Divergence in WGD pairs strongly correlates with gene expression and fitness.
  • Gene neighborhoods in interaction networks predict the evolutionary fate of duplicated genes.

Conclusions:

  • Gene interaction networks provide insights into the evolutionary trajectory of duplicated genes.
  • The developed algorithm effectively infers these evolutionary fates.
  • Findings generalize to gene duplication events beyond WGD.