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Related Concept Videos

Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...

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In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase
09:25

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Published on: July 14, 2011

Telomerase and its extracurricular activities.

Rishi Kumar Jaiswal1, Pramod Kumar, Pramod Kumar Yadava

  • 1Applied Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.

Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters
|September 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Telomerase, known for maintaining telomere length, also exhibits novel functions. This enzyme acts as an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in mitochondria and influences Wnt signaling, apoptosis, and DNA repair.

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Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein
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Telomerase Activity in the Various Regions of Mouse Brain: Non-Radioactive Telomerase Repeat Amplification Protocol (TRAP) Assay
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In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase
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In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase

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Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein
08:26

Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein

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Telomerase Activity in the Various Regions of Mouse Brain: Non-Radioactive Telomerase Repeat Amplification Protocol (TRAP) Assay
10:14

Telomerase Activity in the Various Regions of Mouse Brain: Non-Radioactive Telomerase Repeat Amplification Protocol (TRAP) Assay

Published on: September 2, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Telomerase is classically known for synthesizing telomeric repeats to maintain telomere length, ensuring chromosome stability and cellular proliferation.
  • Emerging evidence suggests telomerase possesses functions beyond its canonical role, independent of its TERC template.
  • These non-canonical functions are increasingly recognized for their significance in cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the diverse, non-canonical functions of telomerase.
  • To highlight telomerase's roles beyond telomere maintenance.
  • To investigate telomerase's involvement in mitochondrial RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity, Wnt signaling, apoptosis, and DNA repair.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on telomerase functions.
  • Analysis of studies investigating telomerase's enzymatic activities.
  • Examination of evidence linking telomerase to signaling pathways and cellular processes.

Main Results:

  • Telomerase demonstrates RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) activity in mammalian mitochondria, a function distinct from its telomeric synthesis role.
  • The enzyme functions as a reverse transcriptase independently of its core subunit, TERC.
  • Telomerase modulates the Wnt signaling pathway and is implicated in apoptosis and DNA repair processes.

Conclusions:

  • Telomerase is a multifunctional enzyme with significant roles beyond telomere maintenance.
  • Its non-canonical activities, including RdRP function and involvement in Wnt signaling, apoptosis, and DNA repair, underscore its broader biological importance.
  • Further research into these diverse functions could reveal new therapeutic targets.