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Adipose tissue inflammation in glucose metabolism
H L Kammoun1, M J Kraakman, M A Febbraio
1Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, BakerIDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders
|September 20, 2013
Summary
Obesity triggers chronic inflammation in white adipose tissue (WAT), impacting glucose homeostasis and insulin action. Understanding immune cell roles in WAT inflammation is key for treating obesity-related type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Metabolic Disease
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Obesity is a chronic inflammatory condition linked to diseases like type 2 diabetes (T2D).
- Immune cells infiltrate white adipose tissue (WAT) in obesity, secreting cytokines that affect metabolism.
- These cytokines can impair insulin action, suggesting therapeutic potential in blocking immune cell recruitment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review immunological changes in WAT concerning systemic glucose homeostasis.
- To highlight the role of immune cells in nutrient homeostasis.
- To discuss potential triggers of WAT inflammation.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of immunological changes in white adipose tissue.
- Focus on immune cell types and their metabolic regulatory functions.
- Analysis of initiating stimuli for adipose tissue inflammation.
Main Results:
- Immune cell recruitment to WAT is a key feature of obesity-related inflammation.
- Cytokine secretion by immune cells in WAT modulates local and systemic metabolism.
- Specific immune cell populations play critical roles in regulating nutrient homeostasis.
Conclusions:
- Immune cell-mediated inflammation in WAT is central to obesity-induced T2D.
- Targeting immune cell recruitment may offer therapeutic benefits for T2D.
- Further research is needed to understand the balance between inflammation's benefits and risks.
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