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Related Concept Videos

Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System01:15

Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System

The limbic system, often called the "emotional brain," is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. The intricate network of the limbic system supports a wide range of psychological functions, from emotional regulation to memory formation and sensory processing. This functional brain region encompasses specific parts of the diencephalon and the cerebrum, integrating the higher mental functions of the cerebral cortex with the primitive emotional responses of the deep brain...
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The diencephalon, etymologically translated as 'through brain,' plays an integral role as the conduit between the cerebrum and the vast extent of the nervous system. However, the olfactory system is an exception, as it interfaces directly with the cerebrum. The diencephalon, deeply ensconced beneath the cerebrum, primarily consists of three paired structures — the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithelamus. It also includes accessory structures such as the subthalamus, which houses the subthalamic...
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Frontal lobe
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Related Experiment Video

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Limbic hyperconnectivity in the vegetative state.

Carol Di Perri1, Stefano Bastianello, Andreas J Bartsch

  • 1From the Department of Neuroradiology (C.D.P., A.P., P.V.), National Neurological Institute C. Mondino, Pavia; Department of Neuroradiology (S.B.), Neurological Institute C. Mondino, University of Pavia, Italy; Coma Science Group (C.D.P., S.L.), Cyclotron Research Centre and Neurology Department, University and University Hospital of Liège, Belgium; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience (C.D.P., F.D.S.), Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroradiology (A.J.B.), University of Heidelberg, Germany; Functional MRI of the Brain (A.J.B.), University of Oxford, UK; Neurorehabilitation Unit (C.P., G.M.), IRCCS, S. Maugeri Foundation, Via Maugeri, Pavia, Italy; Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Pavia (L.M.), Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (R.I.), Fondazione IRCCS, Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia; University of Salerno (F.D.S.), Medical Faculty; and Fondazione Eugenio Medea (F.D.S.), Lecco, Italy.

Neurology
|September 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Patients with disorders of consciousness show altered default mode network (DMN) connectivity. This study reveals DMN hypoconnectivity and limbic hyperconnectivity in vegetative and minimally conscious states.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Neurology
  • Brain Imaging

Background:

  • Disorders of consciousness (DoC) present diagnostic challenges.
  • Understanding brain network alterations in DoC is crucial for prognosis and treatment.
  • The default mode network (DMN) plays a key role in self-referential thought and is often implicated in DoC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate functional connectivity patterns of the default mode network (DMN) in patients with disorders of consciousness.
  • To compare DMN connectivity in patients with vegetative state (VS) and minimally conscious state (MCS) to healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 11 VS patients, 7 MCS patients, and healthy controls.
  • Utilized nonlinear spatial normalization to address anatomical distortions in patients.
  • Employed both independent component analysis (ICA) and seed-based general linear model (GLM) for connectivity analysis.

Main Results:

  • Patients with DoC exhibited decreased functional connectivity within the default mode network (DMN hypoconnectivity).
  • A paradoxical increase in functional connectivity was observed in limbic structures, including the orbitofrontal cortex, insula, hypothalamus, and ventral tegmental area.
  • These findings were consistent across both vegetative and minimally conscious states.

Conclusions:

  • Patients in vegetative and minimally conscious states demonstrate concurrent DMN hypoconnectivity and limbic hyperconnectivity.
  • This limbic hyperconnectivity may indicate sustained neural activity in self-reinforcing loops.
  • Such aberrant connectivity patterns could disrupt normal brain function and contribute to the state of consciousness impairment.