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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:24

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management01:26

Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management

The nursing management of a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) begins with a thorough assessment of the patient’s health history and clinical manifestations.AssessmentHealth History: Evaluate the patient’s history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history of cardiovascular issues, and lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns, smoking, and physical activity.Physical Examination:Assess the affected extremity for decreased or absent peripheral pulses, temperature changes,...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty
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Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty

Published on: October 6, 2016

HIV-related neuropathy: current perspectives.

Sonja G Schütz1, Jessica Robinson-Papp

  • 1Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.

HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.)
|September 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSP) affects up to 50% of HIV patients. This review covers HIV DSP

Keywords:
AIDSDSPacquired immunodeficiency syndromedistal symmetric polyneuropathyhuman immunodeficiency virusneuropathypain

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Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty
07:27

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Humanized NOD/SCID/IL2rγnull (hu-NSG) Mouse Model for HIV Replication and Latency Studies
07:10

Humanized NOD/SCID/IL2rγnull (hu-NSG) Mouse Model for HIV Replication and Latency Studies

Published on: January 7, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSP) is a common neurologic complication in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
  • Pathogenesis involves potential neurotoxicity from the virus and its products, or adverse effects of HIV medications.
  • Clinical presentation includes sensory and reflex changes in a stocking-glove distribution, potentially impacting daily activities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical findings, diagnosis, and management of HIV-associated DSP.
  • To highlight the significant impact of HIV DSP on patient quality of life.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on HIV DSP.
  • Discussion of diagnostic methods including clinical examination, nerve conduction studies, and skin biopsies.
  • Overview of current and experimental therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • HIV DSP affects a substantial portion of the HIV-infected population.
  • Both viral factors and antiretroviral therapies contribute to its development.
  • Neuropathic pain management involves various pharmacological and topical agents.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is essential to fully understand HIV DSP pathogenesis and develop targeted treatments.
  • Comprehensive management strategies are crucial for improving patient outcomes and daily functioning.