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Related Concept Videos

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...

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Updated: May 7, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

Adipocytokines in thyroid dysfunction.

Berna İmge Aydogan1, Mustafa Sahin

  • 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, İbni Sina Hastanesi Ek Bina M-blok Kat:1, Sıhhiye, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.

ISRN Inflammation
|September 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adipocytokines, key metabolic regulators, are linked to thyroid dysfunction. This review explores the relationship between these adipocytokines and thyroid disease, clarifying their interconnected roles in metabolism and inflammation.

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Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Published on: March 17, 2023

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse
04:14

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse

Published on: October 6, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Regulation
  • Inflammation Biology

Background:

  • Adipocytokines are crucial signaling molecules mediating interorgan communication in metabolic processes.
  • Thyroid diseases are known to influence systemic metabolism and inflammatory states.
  • The precise mechanisms linking adipocytokines and thyroid dysfunction remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize the current literature on the relationship between adipocytokines and thyroid dysfunction.
  • To elucidate the role of adipocytokines in the metabolic and inflammatory effects of thyroid diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search of scientific databases.
  • Systematic review and synthesis of relevant studies.
  • Analysis of reported associations between adipocytokine levels and thyroid status.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests significant alterations in adipocytokine profiles in various thyroid conditions.
  • Specific adipocytokines appear to be modulated by thyroid hormones.
  • These adipocytokine changes may contribute to the metabolic and inflammatory disturbances observed in thyroid disease.

Conclusions:

  • Adipocytokines play a role in the pathophysiology of thyroid dysfunction.
  • Understanding this interplay is vital for managing metabolic and inflammatory complications associated with thyroid diseases.
  • Further research is warranted to fully delineate the causal relationships and therapeutic implications.