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Centrosome Duplication

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The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
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Updated: May 7, 2026

Spinal Cord Lateral Hemisection and Asymmetric Behavioral Assessments in Adult Rats

Spinal Cord Lateral Hemisection and Asymmetric Behavioral Assessments in Adult Rats

Published on: March 24, 2020

Caudal duplication syndrome.

Amitava Sur¹, Syamal Kumar Sardar, Anshuman Paria

¹Department of Neonatology, SSKM Hospital and IPGME and R, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Journal of Clinical Neonatology

|September 20, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Caudal duplication syndrome, a rare congenital anomaly, involves duplicated structures below the dorsolumbar level. This case highlights a newborn presenting with complete duplication of caudal elements.

Keywords:

Caudal duplication syndrome caudal mesoderm hindgut monovulat twinning neural tube

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Area of Science:

Developmental biology
Medical genetics

Background:

Caudal duplication syndrome (CDS) is a rare congenital disorder affecting structures derived from the embryonic cloaca and notochord.
Prevalence is less than 1 in 100,000 births, often associated with conjoined twinning or incomplete twin separation.

Observation:

This report details a neonate presenting with complete duplication of caudal structures.
The duplication extended below the dorsolumbar level, manifesting at birth.

Findings:

CDS involves malformations and duplications of distal organs from the hindgut, neural tube, and caudal mesoderm.
Potential genetic links include misexpression of distal HOX genes (e.g., HOX10, HOX11), affecting caudal mesenchyme proliferation.

Implications:

Early diagnosis, often via second-trimester anomaly scans, is crucial for management.
Understanding the genetic basis of CDS can inform future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.