The role of malnutrition in older persons with mobility limitations

Movement disability has a high prevalence in elderly population, either healthy or with chronic disease. Impaired nutritional status is a very common condition in geriatric patients too, especially if we consider elderly subjects admitted to hospital. There are growing evidences that nutrition and disability are strictly interconnected. On the one side, nutritional status is one of the multiple elements that influence the onset and the course of a functional disability; on the other side, disability itself may contribute to malnutrition onset and worsening. Nutrition may not be the sole factor involved in movement impairment in the elderly, but consciousness of its importance in frail elderly population is growing among clinicians and scientific community. In this paper we review the existing knowledge of these complex relationships, discussing the main observational and interventional studies that explored the role of nutrition in movement disability onset and recovery. We also point out how specific kinds of diet, such as Mediterranean diet or high-protein diet, are involved in disability prevention. Finally, we take a look at the existing evidence of the role of single nutrient dietary intake, such as carotenoids, selenium or vitamin D, in mobility impairment in the elderly population.