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Related Concept Videos

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Bone Markings01:26

Bone Markings

Bones have various surface features that help form joints and attach to other soft tissues. Depending on the function, bone markings are categorized into articulating projections, processes for attachment, depressions, and openings.
Articulating Projections
Articulating projections are found where two bones meet to form a joint. These structures are usually found at the ends of bones. The largest articulation is a rounded projection called the head, supported by a narrow neck at the ends of...
Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings I: Inspection and Palpation01:29

Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings I: Inspection and Palpation

In a cardiovascular examination, inspection and palpation are crucial for identifying abnormalities.
Abnormal findings observed during an inspection
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Precision Implementation of Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing to Assess Individual Variation in Human Inflammatory Response
06:31

Precision Implementation of Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing to Assess Individual Variation in Human Inflammatory Response

Published on: October 3, 2019

A bruise-like patch in a 4-year-old girl.

Y N Lau1, A G Affleck, S L Edwards

  • 1Ninewells Hospital and Medical School.

Dermatology Online Journal
|September 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) in children can mimic vascular malformations, delaying diagnosis. A modified Mohs Micrographic Surgery (MMS) offers a viable treatment option, examining all margins for this rare pediatric sarcoma.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Precision Implementation of Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing to Assess Individual Variation in Human Inflammatory Response
06:31

Precision Implementation of Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing to Assess Individual Variation in Human Inflammatory Response

Published on: October 3, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Surgical Pathology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare, locally invasive sarcoma with a high recurrence rate.
  • In children, DFSP may present atypically, resembling vascular malformations, leading to diagnostic delays.
  • While Mohs Micrographic Surgery (MMS) is standard for adult DFSP, its application in children is limited by prolonged anesthesia concerns.

Observation:

  • A case study of a 4-year-old girl diagnosed with DFSP is presented.
  • The patient underwent a modified MMS procedure.
  • This approach involved two shorter general anesthetic sessions.

Findings:

  • The modified MMS allowed for complete examination of peripheral and deep margins.
  • This technique potentially addresses the challenge of extensive subclinical extensions in pediatric DFSP.
  • The modified approach balances the benefits of MMS with reduced anesthetic burden.

Implications:

  • Modified MMS may be a suitable alternative for treating pediatric DFSP, ensuring complete tumor removal.
  • This approach could improve outcomes for children with DFSP by minimizing recurrence risk.
  • Further investigation into modified MMS protocols for pediatric sarcomas is warranted.