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Related Concept Videos

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach01:25

Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach

The gastric glands contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) for digestion. The cells secrete HCl because it is highly corrosive and essential for breaking down food. To achieve this, they secrete hydrogen and chloride ions into the lumen of the gastric glands, which combine to form HCl.
Within parietal cells, carbonic acid is first formed through the reaction of water and carbon dioxide. The dissociation of carbonic acid releases bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. The bicarbonate...

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Related Experiment Video

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Whole-animal Imaging and Flow Cytometric Techniques for Analysis of Antigen-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses after Nanoparticle Vaccination
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Mucosal genetic immunization through microsphere-based oral carriers.

Rozita Rosli1, Nadine Nograles2, Aimi Hanafi2

  • 1Genetic Medicine Research Centre; Universiti Putra Malaysia; Selangor, Malaysia; Medical Genetics Laboratory; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Universiti Putra Malaysia; Selangor, Malaysia.

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
|September 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) and alginate (ALG) microspheres effectively delivered plasmid DNA for oral mucosal immunization. This approach demonstrated transgene expression and IgA antibody responses, suggesting potential for oral DNA vaccines.

Keywords:
IgAalginatecellulose acetate phthalateencapsulationmicrospheresmucosal immunizationplasmid DNA

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology and Biomedical Engineering
  • Vaccine Development
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Oral mucosal immunization offers a needle-free vaccination strategy.
  • Plasmid DNA vaccines require effective delivery systems to overcome degradation and enhance uptake.
  • Polymeric microspheres are promising carriers for oral DNA vaccine delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) and alginate (ALG) microspheres as carriers for oral DNA vaccine delivery.
  • To assess the intestinal mucosal uptake and immunogenicity of plasmid DNA encapsulated in CAP and ALG microspheres.
  • To investigate the expression of transgene proteins and the induction of mucosal IgA antibody responses.

Main Methods:

  • Plasmid DNA encoding cholera enterotoxin B subunit (ctxB) or green fluorescent protein (GFP) was encapsulated into CAP and ALG microspheres.
  • Microsphere formulations were administered orally to BALB/c mice.
  • Intestinal mucosal access, transgene protein expression, and IgA antibody responses were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Both CAP and ALG microspheres facilitated the delivery of plasmid DNA to the intestinal mucosa.
  • Demonstrable transgene protein expression (ctxB or GFP) was observed at local mucosal sites.
  • Significant IgA antibody responses were detected in orally immunized mice.

Conclusions:

  • CAP and ALG microspheres serve as viable carriers for oral mucosal DNA immunization.
  • The encapsulated plasmid DNA induced both protein expression and specific mucosal immune responses.
  • These findings support the potential of microsphere-based formulations for developing oral DNA vaccines.