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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Brain Membrane Fractionation: An Ex Vivo Approach to Assess Subsynaptic Protein Localization
09:49

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Published on: May 12, 2017

Adenosine is present in rat brain synaptic vesicles.

Francesca Corti1, Lucrezia Cellai, Alessia Melani

  • 1Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

Neuroreport
|September 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Adenosine is directly demonstrated to be present within rat brain synaptic vesicles. This finding supports the theory that adenosine is stored in vesicles and released via excitation-secretion during normal physiological conditions.

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Published on: May 25, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Adenosine release in the central nervous system is thought to occur via excitation-secretion.
  • Direct evidence for adenosine storage in synaptic vesicles has been lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide direct evidence for the presence of adenosine within synaptic vesicles in the rat brain.
  • To investigate the storage and release mechanism of adenosine in neurons.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of synaptic vesicle fractions from rat brain synaptosomes using sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation.
  • Quantification of adenosine content in vesicle fractions using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.
  • Detection of synaptophysin, a synaptic vesicle marker, using immunoblot analysis.

Main Results:

  • Eight synaptic vesicle fractions were obtained, with fractions 3-8 showing enrichment in synaptophysin.
  • Significant amounts of adenosine (3325.6 ± 94.6 pmol/mg protein) were detected in synaptophysin-rich fractions (3-8).
  • Exogenous adenosine did not contaminate the isolated vesicle fractions, confirming the endogenous origin of measured adenosine.

Conclusions:

  • Direct evidence confirms adenosine is contained within rat brain synaptic vesicle fractions.
  • Findings support the model of adenosine storage in synaptic vesicles.
  • This supports the release of adenosine through an excitation-secretion mechanism under normoxic conditions.