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Pioneering Patient-Specific Approaches for Precision Surgery Using Imaging and Virtual Reality
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Pioneering Patient-Specific Approaches for Precision Surgery Using Imaging and Virtual Reality

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Evolving virtual reality simulation in neurosurgery.

Clemens M Schirmer1, J Mocco, J Bradley Elder

  • 1*Division of Neurosurgery, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts; ‡Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; §Departments of Neurological Surgery and Radiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; ¶Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.

Neurosurgery
|September 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Virtual reality (VR) simulators are effective tools for neurosurgical training, enhancing basic procedural skills. Future applications will expand to complex procedures and teamwork, integrating VR throughout a surgeon's career.

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Medical Simulation
  • Virtual Reality Technology

Background:

  • Virtual reality (VR) offers safe and effective simulation of neurosurgical scenarios.
  • Neurosurgical training is evolving, with VR simulations poised to become integral to future education.
  • Navigation, dissection, and endovascular simulators have been developed and deployed over the past two decades.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of current neurosurgical VR applications.
  • To assess the spectrum of desired applications for VR in neurosurgery.
  • To outline the requirements for future VR neurosurgical applications.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature analysis was conducted using Medline and PubMed databases.
  • Relevant studies were retrieved and critically reviewed.

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  • Quantitative data and effect sizes were analyzed to assess publication bias.

    • Main Results:

    • Publications on VR in neurosurgery have significantly increased over 22 years (P < .001).
    • 38 of 117 publications (32%) reported simulator use, with 92% showing positive results.
    • Endovascular surgery VR simulators have the strongest evidence base, with 65% of studies reporting quantitative outcomes.

    Conclusions:

    • Current VR applications effectively train basic neurosurgical skills and serve as valid adjuncts.
    • Future developments should focus on complex procedural simulators and validated measures.
    • VR integration across a neurosurgeon's entire career is the future outlook.