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Screening for thyroid disease in pregnancy: a review
N J Cassar1, A P Grima, G J Ellul
1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Tal-Qroqq, Msida MSD, Malta - jean.calleja-agius@um.edu.mt.
Minerva Ginecologica
|September 21, 2013
Summary
Screening for thyroid disease in pregnancy is debated. This review examines evidence on thyroid dysfunction impacts, screening methods, and regional variations to resolve the ongoing discussion.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Endocrinology
- Public Health
Background:
- Thyroid disease in pregnancy is common, affecting both maternal and fetal health.
- Current screening practices for thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy are inconsistent and debated globally.
- Regional variations in iodine and selenium intake influence thyroid disorder prevalence and screening relevance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the evidence for and against screening for thyroid disease in pregnancy.
- To identify information gaps and limitations in current screening approaches.
- To provide a basis for settling the debate on thyroid disease screening in pregnancy.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of studies on thyroid disease in pregnancy.
- Analysis of current and proposed diagnostic investigations (hormone levels, autoantibodies, clinical data).
- Evaluation of the impact of thyroid dysfunction on mother and offspring.
Main Results:
- Prevalence and impact of common thyroid dysfunctions during and after pregnancy are detailed.
- Benefits and drawbacks of various screening methods are discussed.
- Screening relevance is shown to vary geographically due to environmental factors like iodine and selenium content.
Conclusions:
- The debate on thyroid disease screening in pregnancy persists due to unresolved questions and technological limitations.
- Further research is needed to establish definitive screening guidelines.
- Tailored approaches considering regional factors may be necessary.
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