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Related Experiment Videos

Complex modes of heat shock factor activation.

V Zimarino1, C Tsai, C Wu

  • 1Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.

Molecular and Cellular Biology
|February 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Heat shock factor (HSF) in vertebrates binds heat shock elements (HSEs) to activate heat shock genes. HSF binding is induced by high temperatures without protein synthesis, but requires it at milder temperatures.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Eukaryotic organisms activate heat shock genes in response to high temperatures.
  • Transcriptional activation of these genes is regulated by heat shock elements (HSEs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the binding of cellular factors to HSEs in vertebrate species.
  • To identify the heat shock factor (HSF) responsible for transcriptional activation of heat shock genes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an HSE-binding assay to detect factor binding to HSEs.
  • Examined HSF binding under varying heat shock conditions (high vs. mild) and in the presence/absence of protein synthesis.

Main Results:

  • A specific cellular factor, presumed to be HSF, was found to bind HSEs across vertebrate species.
  • HSF binding was induced by high temperatures independently of protein synthesis.
  • Mild heat shock induced HSF binding, but this required protein synthesis, suggesting HSF or an activating factor synthesis.

Conclusions:

  • Vertebrate HSF binding to HSEs is a key mechanism for heat shock gene activation.
  • HSF activation mechanisms differ between higher eukaryotes (vertebrates) and lower eukaryotes (fungi).
  • Evolutionary divergence in HSF activation pathways despite conserved HSEs suggests distinct regulatory strategies.

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