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Related Concept Videos

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control01:16

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...
Types of Coprecipitation01:10

Types of Coprecipitation

Coprecipitation is the contamination of a precipitate by otherwise soluble species and occurs via different processes. In colloidal precipitates, coprecipitation occurs via surface adsorption. For instance, barium sulfate has a primary layer of adsorbed barium ions and a secondary layer of nitrate counterions. This results in contamination of the precipitate by barium nitrate.
Sometimes, ions in a crystal lattice can undergo isomorphous replacement by inclusions of similar charge and size. For...
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
The Colloidal State01:29

The Colloidal State

The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Flash NanoPrecipitation for the Encapsulation of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Compounds in Polymeric Nanoparticles
10:12

Flash NanoPrecipitation for the Encapsulation of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Compounds in Polymeric Nanoparticles

Published on: January 7, 2019

Flash nanoprecipitation: particle structure and stability.

Kevin M Pustulka1, Adam R Wohl, Han Seung Lee

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.

Molecular Pharmaceutics
|September 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Flash nanoprecipitation (FNP) creates stable nanoparticles for drug delivery using amphiphilic block copolymers. Polymer choice and small molecule properties significantly impact nanoparticle size and stability.

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Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Flash NanoPrecipitation for the Encapsulation of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Compounds in Polymeric Nanoparticles
10:12

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Liquid-cell Transmission Electron Microscopy for Tracking Self-assembly of Nanoparticles
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10:45

Stable Aqueous Suspensions of Manganese Ferrite Clusters with Tunable Nanoscale Dimension and Composition

Published on: February 5, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Flash nanoprecipitation (FNP) is a method for creating nanosized, polymer-stabilized particles.
  • Amphiphilic diblock copolymers (BCPs) are commonly used polymeric components in FNP.
  • Understanding factors influencing FNP particle characteristics is crucial for optimizing its applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how polymer type, small molecule properties (hydrophobicity, crystallinity), and loading levels affect nanoparticle size and stability.
  • To identify optimal BCPs for potential drug delivery applications.
  • To elucidate the internal structure of nanoparticles formed via FNP.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized flash nanoprecipitation (FNP) with various amphiphilic diblock copolymers (BCPs).
  • Investigated the impact of small molecule properties, including hydrophobicity (clogP) and crystallinity.
  • Analyzed nanoparticle size and stability under different conditions.
  • Employed differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), and 1H NMR for structural analysis.

Main Results:

  • Poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PEG-b-PLGA) demonstrated suitability for drug delivery due to stability, biocompatibility, and degradability.
  • Small molecule hydrophobicity (clogP < 6) led to unstable nanoparticles prone to Ostwald ripening.
  • Particle size showed minimal variation with PLGA block sizes ranging from 5 to 15 kDa.
  • Structural analysis supported a three-layer core-shell-corona nanoparticle architecture.

Conclusions:

  • FNP is a versatile technique for producing stable nanoparticles.
  • PEG-b-PLGA is a promising material for drug delivery nanoparticles synthesized via FNP.
  • Small molecule selection and BCP properties are critical determinants of nanoparticle stability and structure.