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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and the...
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acids01:28

IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acids

In IR spectroscopy of carboxylic acids, the C=O bond shows a characteristic band between 1710 and 1760 cm⁻¹, and the O–H bond exhibits a broad band between 2500 and 3300 cm⁻¹.
However, the stretching absorptions for the C=O bond vary depending on the structure of carboxylic acids. The C=O bond of the free carboxylic acids shows a higher stretching frequency, 1760 cm−1, while H-bonded carboxylic acids (dimers) exhibit stretching absorptions at a lower frequency, 1710 cm−1. The C=O bond of the...
Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives01:26

Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Infrared spectroscopy is primarily used to determine the types of bonds and functional groups. In carboxylic acid derivatives, a typical carbonyl bond absorption is observed around 1650–1850 cm−1. For esters, the absorption is recorded at around 1740 cm−1, while acid halides show the absorption at about 1800 cm−1. Another acid derivative, the acid anhydrides, exhibit two carbonyl absorption around 1760 cm−1 and 1820 cm−1, arising from the symmetrical and unsymmetrical carbonyl vibration.
In the...
UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems01:32

UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems

Organic compounds with conjugated double bonds show strong absorption features in the UV–visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum attributed to π → π* electronic excitations. Generally, a UV–vis absorption spectrum is recorded as a plot of absorbance vs wavelength. The wavelength of maximum absorbance, which manifests as a peak in the absorption spectrum, is denoted as λmax.
One of the factors influencing λmax is the extent of conjugation in the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Resolving Water, Proteins, and Lipids from In Vivo Confocal Raman Spectra of Stratum Corneum through a Chemometric Approach
09:32

Resolving Water, Proteins, and Lipids from In Vivo Confocal Raman Spectra of Stratum Corneum through a Chemometric Approach

Published on: September 26, 2019

Analysis of lipsticks using Raman spectroscopy.

P Gardner1, M F Bertino, R Weimer

  • 1Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 843079, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.

Forensic Science International
|September 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Raman spectroscopy effectively differentiated 95% of lipsticks using a 780 nm wavelength, overcoming fluorescence limitations. While useful for identification, specific manufacturer or category trends were not observed in the Raman peaks.

Keywords:
LipstickRaman spectroscopyTrace evidence

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Implementation of a Nonlinear Microscope Based on Stimulated Raman Scattering
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Resolving Water, Proteins, and Lipids from In Vivo Confocal Raman Spectra of Stratum Corneum through a Chemometric Approach
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Implementation of a Nonlinear Microscope Based on Stimulated Raman Scattering
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Implementation of a Nonlinear Microscope Based on Stimulated Raman Scattering

Published on: July 6, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Forensic Science
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Lipstick analysis is crucial for forensic identification.
  • Raman spectroscopy offers a non-destructive method for chemical analysis.
  • Fluorescence can interfere with Raman spectral acquisition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of Raman spectroscopy for lipstick analysis.
  • To compare the performance of different excitation wavelengths (532 nm and 780 nm).
  • To assess the feasibility of in situ analysis of lipstick smears.

Main Methods:

  • Acquisition and analysis of 80 lipstick samples.
  • Utilized Raman spectroscopy with 532 nm and 780 nm excitation wavelengths.
  • Investigated in situ analysis on various Raman-active substrates.

Main Results:

  • The 780 nm excitation wavelength proved effective, overcoming fluorescence issues that limited the 532 nm line.
  • Raman spectroscopy differentiated 95% of the analyzed lipsticks based on spectral peaks.
  • No discernible trends were found to link specific Raman peaks to manufacturers or product categories.
  • In situ analysis was feasible but occasionally hampered by background fluorescence and photodegradation.

Conclusions:

  • Raman spectroscopy, particularly with a 780 nm laser, is a powerful tool for differentiating lipstick samples.
  • The technique shows potential for forensic applications, though manufacturer-specific classification requires further research.
  • In situ analysis capabilities are demonstrated, with limitations noted for specific environmental conditions.