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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics: Overview01:10

Pharmacokinetics: Overview

Pharmacokinetics is a scientific discipline that focuses on the journey of a drug within the body, encompassing four key stages: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. The first stage, absorption, involves the drug's transfer into the bloodstream. Several factors dictate the extent and speed of this process. For example, the liver often metabolizes oral drugs before they reach systemic circulation, leading to only partial absorption. In contrast, intravenous (IV) administration...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Model Components01:14

Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Model Components

Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK–PD) modeling is essential in drug development and clinical pharmacology. It provides a quantitative framework to predict drug behavior and response over time. This approach integrates pharmacokinetics (PK), which describes the drug's absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, with pharmacodynamics (PD), which characterizes the drug’s biological effects and mechanisms of action.The disposition kinetics of a drug determine its plasma...
Measurement of Bioavailability: Pharmacokinetic Methods01:30

Measurement of Bioavailability: Pharmacokinetic Methods

Pharmacokinetics is a vital branch of pharmacology that examines how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted by the body. Two key methodologies in pharmacokinetics are plasma drug concentration studies and urinary drug excretion analyses, both of which provide critical insights into a drug's therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability.Plasma Drug Concentration-Time StudiesPlasma drug concentration-time studies involve analyzing blood samples at specific intervals to quantify...
Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Duration of Dose-Effect Relationship01:14

Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Duration of Dose-Effect Relationship

For drugs producing a quantal response, onset occurs when plasma concentration reaches a minimum effective level (Cmin). The drug's action duration depends on how long the plasma concentration remains above Cmin.Two primary factors influence this duration: dose size and the rate of drug removal from the action site. Both depend on the drug's redistribution to poorly perfused tissues and elimination processes. A larger dose promotes rapid onset and prolongs the effect's duration.Consider a...
Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Overview01:19

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Overview

Nonlinear or dose-dependent pharmacokinetics is a phenomenon that occurs when the pharmacokinetic parameters of certain drugs deviate from linear pharmacokinetics at higher doses. These drugs do not follow the expected first-order kinetics, where the rate of drug elimination is directly proportional to the drug concentration. Instead, they exhibit a nonlinear relationship, which can be attributed to several factors.
Nonlinearity can arise due to the saturation of plasma protein-binding or...

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Updated: May 7, 2026

Use of Rabbit Eyes in Pharmacokinetic Studies of Intraocular Drugs
10:02

Use of Rabbit Eyes in Pharmacokinetic Studies of Intraocular Drugs

Published on: July 23, 2016

Pharmacokinetics.

Jianghong Fan1, Inés A M de Lannoy1

  • 1InterVivo Solutions Inc., 120 Carlton Street, Suite 203, Toronto, ON, Canada M5A 4K2.

Biochemical Pharmacology
|September 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Pharmacokinetics (PK) studies the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of drugs. Understanding PK is crucial for drug discovery and development, guiding lead candidate selection and research tool application.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Drug Discovery
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Pharmacokinetics (PK) describes the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of xenobiotics.
  • Understanding PK is vital for selecting drug candidates and research tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of PK principles and practical guidelines.
  • To present equations for characterizing PK and metabolite kinetics.
  • To link PK with pharmacodynamics (PD).

Main Methods:

  • Review of in vivo PK parameter determination (non-compartmental and compartmental methods).
  • Discussion of allometric scaling, absorption, permeability, volume of distribution, protein binding, and clearance.
  • Examination of metabolite kinetics and PK/PD modeling.
Keywords:
AbsorptionClearanceDistributionMetabolite kineticsPharmacodynamicsPharmacokinetics

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Main Results:

  • Comprehensive overview of PK principles and study design.
  • Detailed explanation of PK parameters and their determination.
  • Integration of PK with PD for a holistic understanding of drug behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Knowledge of PK is critical for successful drug discovery and development.
  • This article provides essential guidelines and equations for PK analysis.
  • Understanding PK/PD relationships enhances therapeutic efficacy and safety.