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Abnormality, rationality, and sanity.

Ralph Hertwig1, Kirsten G Volz

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Center for Adaptive Rationality, Lentzeallee 94, 14195 Berlin, Germany.

Trends in Cognitive Sciences
|September 24, 2013
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neurological and mental abnormalities promote adherence to rationality standards, challenging the notion that normality aligns with these benchmarks. This research questions the definition of rationality and its implications for experimental design.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Growing evidence suggests a link between neurological/mental conditions and adherence to established rationality norms.
  • Normality is increasingly observed to impede conformity to these specific rationality benchmarks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review findings on how neurological and mental states influence rationality.
  • To explore implications for experimental design in psychology and economics.
  • To critically assess the 'sanity' of current rationality benchmarks.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies examining neurological and mental abnormalities.
  • Analysis of conformity to economic and psychological rationality norms.
  • Conceptual discussion on the definition and measurement of rationality.

Main Results:

  • Neurological and mental abnormalities correlate with increased conformity to defined rationality standards.
  • Typical cognitive functioning (normality) may hinder adherence to these specific rationality measures.
  • Existing benchmarks for rationality may not be universally applicable or 'sane'.

Conclusions:

  • The definition of rationality, particularly in experimental settings, requires re-evaluation.
  • Neurological and mental health conditions offer unique insights into cognitive processes and decision-making.
  • Future research should consider the influence of normative vs. non-normative cognitive states on rationality.