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Related Concept Videos

Translation01:31

Translation

157.1K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
157.1K
Translation01:31

Translation

17.9K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
17.9K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

39.1K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
39.1K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

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No description available
8.2K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

27.8K
The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
27.8K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

6.8K
No description available
6.8K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Non-Invasive PET/MR Imaging in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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Non-Invasive PET/MR Imaging in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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Translational PET imaging research.

Richard J Hargreaves1, Eugenii A Rabiner

  • 1Merck and Co, WP-42-212, 770, Sumneytown Pike, PO Box 4, West Point, PA19486, USA.

Neurobiology of Disease
|September 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Early central nervous system (CNS) drug development focuses on testing mechanisms, not just molecules. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging confirms drug target engagement, crucial for advancing neuropsychiatric treatments.

Keywords:
Drug developmentPositron emission tomography (PET) imagingPsychiatry imagingTarget engagement imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Early central nervous system (CNS) drug development prioritizes mechanism validation over molecular testing to justify late-stage clinical trial investments.
  • Translational positron emission tomography (PET) imaging markers of target engagement are essential for successful clinical proof-of-concept.
  • PET imaging is increasingly vital in neuropsychiatric drug development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical role of mechanism testing in early CNS drug development.
  • To emphasize the importance of translational PET imaging for confirming drug target engagement.
  • To underscore the utility of CNS PET imaging in understanding psychiatric disease neuropharmacology and optimizing drug therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing translational positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.
  • Employing markers of drug engagement with CNS targets.
  • Applying PET imaging in clinical investigations of neuropsychiatric disorders.

Main Results:

  • Confirmation of drug target engagement via PET imaging is central to proof-of-concept.
  • PET imaging facilitates the investigation of the neuropharmacological underpinnings of psychiatric conditions.
  • PET imaging aids in optimizing drug therapies for CNS disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Focusing on mechanism validation is key for early CNS drug development success.
  • Translational PET imaging is indispensable for demonstrating target engagement and supporting further research.
  • CNS PET imaging offers significant value in both basic research and clinical applications for psychiatric diseases.