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Related Concept Videos

Enzyme-linked Receptors01:00

Enzyme-linked Receptors

Enzyme-linked receptors are proteins that act as both receptor and enzyme, activating multiple intracellular signals. This is a large group of receptors that include the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Many growth factors and hormones bind to and activate the RTKs.
Neurotrophin (NT) receptors are a family of RTKs, including trkA, trkB, and trkC (tropomyosin-related kinase) receptors. TrkA is specific for nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-6, and neurotrophin-7. TrkB binds...
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Serotonin, a crucial neurotransmitter synthesized by enterochromaffin cells, plays a cardinal role in regulating gastrointestinal (GI) motility. With over 90% of the body's total serotonin in the GI tract, its influence on digestive processes is profound. Serotonin is swiftly released upon various stimuli, such as food boluses or certain drugs, triggering intrinsic sensory neurons in the myenteric plexus and extrinsic vagal and spinal sensory neurons. This leads to the activation of the...
Cholinergic Receptors: Muscarinic01:25

Cholinergic Receptors: Muscarinic

The pharmacological actions of acetylcholine are elicited via its binding to two families of cholinergic receptors or cholinoceptors, namely, muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. Muscarinic receptors are G protein-coupled receptors and have five subtypes, M1–M5. All mAChR subtypes are activated by acetylcholine and blocked by the antagonist, atropine. 
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Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Release or Uptake01:21

Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Release or Uptake

Certain drugs can affect how neurotransmitters called catecholamines, are released or taken back up in the adrenergic neuron. They can have different effects on the body's sympathetic transmission. Reserpine, a natural compound found in the Rauwolfia shrub, blocks a transporter called vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT), which leads to a buildup of catecholamines in the cell and reduces sympathetic transmission. Another drug called guanethidine works in multiple ways, including blocking...
G-protein Coupled Receptors01:21

G-protein Coupled Receptors

G-protein coupled receptors are ligand binding receptors that indirectly affect changes in the cell. The actual receptor is a single polypeptide that transverses the cell membrane seven times creating intracellular and extracellular loops. The extracellular loops create a ligand specific pocket which binds to neurotransmitters or hormones. The intracellular loops holds onto the G-protein.

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Updated: May 7, 2026

HSV-Mediated Transgene Expression of Chimeric Constructs to Study Behavioral Function of GPCR Heteromers in Mice
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HSV-Mediated Transgene Expression of Chimeric Constructs to Study Behavioral Function of GPCR Heteromers in Mice

Published on: July 9, 2016

Cerebral 5-HT2A receptor binding, but not mGluR2, is increased in tryptophan hydroxylase 2 decrease-of-function mice.

Christinna V Jørgensen1, Jacob P Jacobsen, Marc G Caron

  • 1Neurobiology Research Unit, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Neuroscience Letters
|September 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transgenic mice with reduced serotonin (5-HT) show increased serotonin 2A receptor binding in key brain areas. This finding offers insights into adaptive brain changes in low 5-HT conditions.

Keywords:
AutoradiographyFrontal cortexRatReceptorSerotoninTryptophan hydroxylase

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Single Synapse Indicators of Glutamate Release and Uptake in Acute Brain Slices from Normal and Huntington Mice
08:27

Single Synapse Indicators of Glutamate Release and Uptake in Acute Brain Slices from Normal and Huntington Mice

Published on: March 11, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Reduced serotonin (5-HT) is implicated in depression.
  • Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (Tph2) is crucial for brain 5-HT synthesis.
  • A Tph2 R439H mutation in mice models reduced brain 5-HT levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate adaptive changes in 5-HT2A receptor binding in Tph2 R439H knock-in (KI) mice.
  • To explore the relationship between 5-HT deficiency and 5-HT2A receptor expression in specific brain regions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized in vitro receptor autoradiography in Tph2KI mice.
  • Employed two radioligands: (3H)-MDL100907 (5-HT2A antagonist) and (3H)-CIMBI-36 (5-HT2A/C agonist).
  • Assessed metabotropic glutamate 2 (mGluR2) receptor binding using (3H)-LY341495.

Main Results:

  • Significantly higher 5-HT2A receptor binding was observed in the prefrontal cortex, striatum, and substantia nigra of Tph2KI mice.
  • Increased binding was confirmed using both antagonist and agonist radioligands.
  • No alterations in mGluR2 receptor binding were detected in brain areas with elevated 5-HT2A receptor levels.

Conclusions:

  • 5-HT2A receptor binding sites are up-regulated in specific brain regions of mice with experimentally induced 5-HT deficiency.
  • This upregulation appears to be an adaptive response to low endogenous 5-HT.
  • The observed changes in 5-HT2A receptors are not associated with alterations in mGluR2 receptor binding.