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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Metal-Semiconductor Junctions01:24

Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

The contact of metal and semiconductor can lead to the formation of a junction with either Schottky or Ohmic behavior.
Schottky Barriers
Schottky barriers arise when a metal with a work function (Φm) contacts a semiconductor with a different work function (Φs). Initially, electrons transfer until the Fermi levels of the metal and semiconductor align at equilibrium. For instance, if Φm > Φs, the semiconductor Fermi level is higher than the metal's before contact. The semiconductor's...
Fermi Level01:18

Fermi Level

The Fermi-Dirac function is represented by an S-shaped curve indicating the probability of an energy state being occupied by an electron at a given temperature. The Fermi level is the energy level at which there is a fifty percent chance of finding an electron, and it is positioned between the lower-energy valence band and the higher-energy conduction band.
At absolute zero temperature, electrons fill all energy states up to the Fermi level, leaving upper states empty. As the temperature rises,...
Bonding in Metals02:32

Bonding in Metals

Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”.
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers
12:20

Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers

Published on: October 5, 2013

A ferroelectric-like structural transition in a metal.

Youguo Shi1, Yanfeng Guo, Xia Wang

  • 11] Superconducting Properties Unit, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan [2] Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China [3].

Nature Materials
|September 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Researchers discovered a ferroelectric metal, LiOsO3, exhibiting a structural transition below 140 K. This finding realizes a long-sought material class with potentially unique properties distinct from conventional metals.

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Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope
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Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Published on: March 24, 2019

Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals
07:03

Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals

Published on: August 15, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers
12:20

Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers

Published on: October 5, 2013

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope
09:06

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Published on: March 24, 2019

Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals
07:03

Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals

Published on: August 15, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Ferroelectricity is typically absent in metals due to charge screening by conduction electrons.
  • The Anderson-Blount theory predicted ferroelectric metals in 1965, but no definitive examples have been found.
  • Identifying ferroelectric metals could open new avenues in electronic materials.

Discussion:

  • A structural transition from centrosymmetric (R3c) to non-centrosymmetric (R3c) symmetry was observed in metallic Lithium Osmium Trioxide (LiOsO3).
  • This transition, occurring below 140 K, involves a continuous shift in the mean position of Lithium ions (Li+).
  • The observed transition is structurally analogous to the ferroelectric transition in Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3).

Key Insights:

  • Metallic LiOsO3 exhibits a structural transition below 140 K, analogous to ferroelectric transitions.
  • This discovery provides the first clear example of a ferroelectric metal, realizing the Anderson-Blount prediction.
  • The material demonstrates a continuous shift in Li+ ion positions, driving the transition.

Outlook:

  • Establishes a new class of materials: ferroelectric metals.
  • Properties of these ferroelectric metals may significantly differ from conventional metals.
  • Further research into LiOsO3 and related materials could lead to novel electronic applications.