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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
The Micturition Reflex01:26

The Micturition Reflex

Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating urine...
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
Disorders of the Urinary System01:20

Disorders of the Urinary System

The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...
Diabetes Insipidus I: Introduction01:29

Diabetes Insipidus I: Introduction

Definition Diabetes insipidus is a disorder marked by the production of large amounts of dilute urine because of impaired vasopressin production, release, or kidney response. The lack of effective vasopressin action limits water reabsorption in the renal collecting ducts, which leads to excessive urinary water loss and intense thirst.Clinical PresentationIndividuals with diabetes insipidus report persistent thirst and very high urine output. In severe cases, fluid intake can reach up to 20...
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...

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Updated: May 7, 2026

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection
03:26

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection

Published on: August 28, 2020

[Shy bladder syndrome].

Antonio Prunas

    Rivista Di Psichiatria
    |September 24, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Paruresis, or shy bladder syndrome, is a type of social phobia. This study describes the condition in Italian adults, finding it linked to generalized social phobia and significant distress.

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    Urinary Bladder Distention Evoked Visceromotor Responses as a Model for Bladder Pain in Mice
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    Last Updated: May 7, 2026

    Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection
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    Published on: August 28, 2020

    Urinary Bladder Distention Evoked Visceromotor Responses as a Model for Bladder Pain in Mice
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    Urinary Bladder Distention Evoked Visceromotor Responses as a Model for Bladder Pain in Mice

    Published on: April 27, 2014

    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Clinical Psychology
    • Social Psychology

    Context:

    • Paruresis, or shy bladder syndrome, is a specific phobia characterized by the inability to urinate in public restrooms due to fear of scrutiny.
    • Classified under social phobia in the DSM-5, paruresis significantly impacts individuals' quality of life.
    • Limited clinical descriptions exist, particularly within specific cultural contexts.

    Purpose:

    • To provide a clinical description of paruresis in a sample of Italian adults.
    • To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of paruresis among users of an Italian online support group.
    • To explore the relationship between paruresis severity and co-occurring mental health conditions.

    Summary:

    • The study recruited 65 participants with clinically relevant paruresis symptoms via an Italian website.
    • Participants completed online questionnaires assessing paruresis, generalized social phobia, and depression.
    • Results indicated that generalized social phobia is strongly associated with paruresis severity, despite limited gender differences in manifestation.

    Impact:

    • This research highlights paruresis as a distressing condition often overlooked by mental health professionals.
    • Findings underscore the importance of screening for generalized social phobia in individuals with paruresis.
    • The study contributes to a better understanding of paruresis, paving the way for improved clinical recognition and treatment strategies.