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Alpha angle correction in femoroacetabular impingement.

Darren de Sa1, Nathan Urquhart, Marc Philippon

  • 1Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University Medical Centre, 1200 Main Street West, 4E15, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada.

Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy : Official Journal of the ESSKA
|September 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Surgical correction of the alpha angle in femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) to less than 55° significantly improves patient outcomes and hip function. This precise restoration guides treatment and predicts successful results.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopaedic surgery
  • Radiology
  • Hip biomechanics

Background:

  • Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a common hip condition.
  • The alpha angle, measured via MRI, is a validated parameter for diagnosing FAI.
  • Systematic evaluation of alpha angle correction's impact on clinical outcomes is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the orthopaedic literature on alpha angle correction in FAI.
  • To determine if surgical alpha angle correction influences clinical outcomes in FAI patients.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of English clinical studies up to August 2012.
  • Searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed for studies on surgical alpha angle correction in FAI.
  • Two independent assessors reviewed studies; quality assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

Main Results:

  • 14 studies met eligibility criteria; most were case-control.
  • All studies reported post-operative alpha angle restoration to ≤55°.
  • Correction led to significant improvements in range of motion, pain scores (VAS), and functional hip scores (Non-arthritic Hip, Harris Hip, SF-12).

Conclusions:

  • Precise surgical restoration of the alpha angle to <55° in CAM-type FAI improves patient outcomes.
  • The alpha angle is a reliable predictor of surgical success.
  • It serves as a simple, reproducible intra-operative and post-operative guidance tool.