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Related Concept Videos

External Anatomy of the Kidney01:21

External Anatomy of the Kidney

The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs in the human body that play a critical role in maintaining overall health. They filter out waste products from the blood, regulate blood pressure, maintain electrolyte balance, and stimulate the production of red blood cells.
The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal space on either side of the vertebral column, protected posteriorly by the 11th and 12th ribs. The right kidney sits slightly lower than the left owing to the presence of the liver...
Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure01:26

Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living donor...
Kidney Transplant I: Introduction01:28

Kidney Transplant I: Introduction

A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...
Kidney Structure01:45

Kidney Structure

The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
Internal Anatomy of the Kidney01:12

Internal Anatomy of the Kidney

The kidneys are essential organs in the human body, performing a myriad of tasks that maintain homeostasis and overall health.
Anatomical Position and Dimensions
The kidneys are retroperitoneal organs positioned against the posterior abdominal wall on either side of the spine, roughly between the twelfth thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae. Each kidney is typically 10-12 cm long, 5-6 cm wide, and 3-4 cm thick, weighing about 150 grams.
Renal Cortex
The outermost region of the kidney is the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Point-of-Care Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition
03:19

Point-of-Care Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition

Published on: June 21, 2024

Superior ectopic thoracic kidney.

K Fouda-Neel1, S Ahmed, A Al-Bassam

  • 1Section of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery (MBC-40), King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, P. O. Box 3354, 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Pediatric Surgery International
|September 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary

A rare case of a superior ectopic thoracic kidney was identified in a 9-month-old boy with a respiratory infection. Recognizing this condition on ultrasonography is crucial to prevent unnecessary invasive procedures.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Radiology
  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Ectopic kidneys are congenital anomalies where kidneys are located outside their normal retroperitoneal position.
  • Thoracic kidney, a rare form of ectopic kidney, is located within the chest cavity.
  • Misidentification of thoracic kidneys can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate medical interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of a superior ectopic thoracic kidney in an infant.
  • To highlight the diagnostic utility of ultrasonography in identifying thoracic kidneys.
  • To emphasize the clinical significance of recognizing thoracic kidneys to avoid unnecessary invasive procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Case presentation of a 9-month-old boy with respiratory tract infection.
  • Diagnostic imaging using ultrasonography to evaluate a posterior left chest mass.
  • Histopathological confirmation (implied, though not explicitly stated in abstract).

Main Results:

  • A posterior left chest mass was identified in the infant.
  • Ultrasonography accurately depicted the mass as a superior ectopic thoracic kidney.
  • The diagnosis was confirmed, leading to appropriate clinical management.

Conclusions:

  • Superior ectopic thoracic kidneys are rare but important differential diagnoses for thoracic masses in infants.
  • Ultrasonography is an effective and non-invasive tool for diagnosing thoracic kidneys.
  • Early recognition of thoracic kidneys prevents unnecessary invasive investigations such as thoracotomy.