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Related Concept Videos

Autobiographical Memory01:14

Autobiographical Memory

Autobiographical memory is a unique type of episodic memory that involves recollecting personal life experiences. It allows individuals to remember significant events from their past, creating a narrative of their lives. One interesting phenomenon related to autobiographical memory is the reminiscence bump. This effect refers to the tendency of adults to recall more events from their second and third decades of life — typically between ages 10 to 30 — than from other periods. This period is...
Explicit Memories01:27

Explicit Memories

Explicit memories, also known as declarative memories, are consciously remembered, recalled, and reported. Studying for a chemistry exam involves material that will become part of explicit memory. There are two types of explicit memory: episodic and semantic.
Episodic memory contains information about personally experienced events and is reported as a story. An example of episodic memory is recalling a birthday celebration. This type of memory includes the what, where, and when of an event, as...
Storage01:23

Storage

A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze each...
Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
Flashbulb Memory01:16

Flashbulb Memory

A flashbulb memory is a highly vivid and detailed memory, often linked to events of significant emotional impact. These memories stand out in contrast to everyday memories due to their clarity and the precision with which they are recalled. The strong emotions associated with the event act as a catalyst, ensuring that specific details, such as one's location, actions, and even peripheral elements, are etched into memory with remarkable accuracy. For example, many people can vividly recall where...
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
09:13

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test

Published on: May 16, 2017

The development of episodic memory: items, contexts, and relations.

Hyungwook Yim1, Simon J Dennis, Vladimir M Sloutsky

  • 1The Ohio State University.

Psychological Science
|September 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Children

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Episodic memory relies on forming relational structures linking stimuli and context.
  • The development of these structures is crucial for episodic memory formation.
  • Understanding this development informs theories of memory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the development of relational memory structure formation in children.
  • To determine the age range for the development of complex memory structures.
  • To apply computational models to analyze memory structure use.

Main Methods:

  • Paired-associate learning tasks with varying complexity were used.
  • Multinomial-processing tree models analyzed memory structure utilization.
Keywords:
cognitive developmentcued recallepisodic memorymemorymemory developmentpaired-associate learningstatistical analysis

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

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Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

  • Experiments involved 4-year-olds, 7-year-olds, and adults.

    • Main Results:

    • The use of two-way and three-way relational memory structures increased from ages 4 to 7.
    • The capacity for forming complex relational memory structures develops significantly between 4 and 7 years.
    • This developmental trajectory continues into adulthood.

    Conclusions:

    • Relational memory structure formation undergoes significant development in early childhood.
    • The ability to form complex memory representations is not fully mature by age 7.
    • Findings impact theories of cognitive and memory development.