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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...

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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael acceptor.

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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

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Published on: August 12, 2013

Negatively charged hyperbranched polyether-based polyelectrolytes.

Emilie Barriau¹, Holger Frey, Anton Kiry

¹Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany.

Colloid and Polymer Science

|September 24, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Carboxylated hyperbranched polyglycerols were synthesized and characterized. Low molecular weight polymers formed unprecedented ordered structures on surfaces, showing potential for advanced material applications.

Keywords:

Hyperbranched polyelectrolyte Michael addition Ordered structures

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Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions

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Published on: October 10, 2016

Area of Science:

Polymer Chemistry
Materials Science
Surface Science

Background:

Hyperbranched polymers offer unique properties due to their complex architecture.
Controlling the modification and self-assembly of these polymers is crucial for tailored applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize carboxylated hyperbranched polyglycerols with narrow polydispersity.
To investigate the solution and surface behavior of these modified polymers.

Main Methods:

Hydroxyl end-group modification via Michael addition of acrylonitrile followed by hydrolysis.
Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) for solution property analysis.
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) for surface structure investigation.

Main Results:

Successful preparation of carboxylated hyperbranched polyglycerols with high conversion for low molecular weight samples.
DLS revealed pH-dependent aggregate formation in solution.
AFM showed coexistence of aggregates and single macromolecules on mica surfaces.
Unprecedented extended and ordered terrace structures were observed for the lower molecular weight sample (520 g mol⁻¹).

Conclusions:

Carboxylation of hyperbranched polyglycerols is feasible, particularly for lower molecular weights.
The resulting polymers exhibit complex aggregation behavior influenced by pH.
The formation of ordered structures on surfaces opens new avenues for hyperbranched polymers in surface modification and nanotechnology.