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Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material for adaptive...
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Updated: May 7, 2026

Pseudotyped Viruses As a Molecular Tool to Monitor Humoral Immune Responses Against SARS-CoV-2 Via Neutralization Assay
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Published on: November 21, 2023

STAT2: A shape-shifting anti-viral super STAT.

Fatema Z Chowdhury1, J David Farrar

  • 1Department of Immunology and Department of Molecular Biology; UT Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, TX USA.

JAK-STAT
|September 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2) is crucial for antiviral defense. Its unique evolutionary path highlights its importance in combating viral infections across species.

Keywords:
STAT2comparative genomicsinterferoninterferon stimulated genesignal transducer and activator of transcriptionviral antagonism

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2) is activated by Type I and III interferon receptors.
  • STAT2 is essential for host defense against viral infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary adaptations of STAT2 in response to viral pressures.
  • To understand the role of STAT2 in species-specific antiviral immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomic analysis of STAT2 across different species.
  • Functional assays to assess STAT2 activity and viral interactions (details not provided in abstract).

Main Results:

  • STAT2 exhibits significant evolutionary divergence across species, unlike other STAT family members.
  • Viruses actively target STAT2 through various mechanisms like inhibiting expression, blocking activity, or degradation.

Conclusions:

  • The unique evolutionary trajectory of STAT2 is driven by its critical role in antiviral immunity.
  • STAT2's evolution likely preserves its function, providing species-specific protection against diverse viral threats.