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Related Concept Videos

Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
Evolution of Microbial Genome01:08

Evolution of Microbial Genome

Microbial genome evolution is a highly dynamic process shaped by continual gene gain and loss across species and strains. This genomic flexibility allows microorganisms to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures and interactions with other organisms. Central to understanding this diversity is the distinction between the core and pan genomes.The core genome comprises the genes shared by all sampled strains of a species, representing essential functions needed for fundamental cellular processes.
DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...

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Rapid Isolation of Wild Nematodes by Baermann Funnel
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Rapid Isolation of Wild Nematodes by Baermann Funnel

Published on: January 31, 2022

Toward 959 nematode genomes.

Sujai Kumar1, Georgios Koutsovoulos, Gaganjot Kaur

  • 1Institute of Evolutionary Biology; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh, UK.

Worm
|September 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans genome sequencing inspired a new initiative to sequence 959 nematode species. This aims to advance understanding of nematode biology, evolution, and parasitic diseases.

Keywords:
genomenematodenext-generation sequencingsecond-generation sequencingwiki

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Published on: October 19, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Nematology
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • The sequencing of the Caenorhabditis elegans genome revolutionized systems biology approaches in model organisms.
  • The phylum Nematoda is diverse and relevant to basic biology, ecology, and parasitic disease research.
  • Genome-scale data is crucial for advancing understanding and developing disease control strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To inspire, promote, and coordinate genomic sequencing across the diverse phylum Nematoda.
  • To establish a nematode phylogeny with at least 959 sequenced species.
  • To facilitate advances in understanding parasitism, genomic change, and nematode adaptations.

Main Methods:

  • Leveraging second-generation sequencing technologies.
  • Utilizing improved computing algorithms and infrastructure.
  • Promoting bioinformatics and genomics literacy within the research community.

Main Results:

  • Launch of the 959 Nematode Genomes initiative and a community wiki.
  • Increased accessibility of genome sequencing for nematode research programs.
  • Foundation laid for a comprehensive nematode phylogeny.

Conclusions:

  • A robust nematode phylogeny based on extensive genome sequencing will drive future discoveries.
  • This initiative will deepen insights into the origins of parasitism and evolutionary adaptations.
  • Nematode genomics is key to understanding one of the most successful animal phyla.