Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
11:22

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Published on: October 15, 2019

A possible link of gut microbiota alteration in type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease pathogenicity: an update

Mohammad Z Alam, Qamre Alam, Mohammad A Kamal

  • 1Fundamental and Applied Biology Group, Recombinant DNA Technology Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. absar99@gmail.com.

CNS & Neurological Disorders Drug Targets
|September 25, 2013
PubMed

Insights

Gut microbiota imbalances are linked to metabolic disorders like obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and Alzheimer

Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Neuroscience
  • Metabolic disease research

Background:

  • Gut microbiota imbalances are associated with metabolic disorders, increasing risks for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • The etiology of AD remains debated, despite identified risk factors.
  • Obesity is linked to altered gut flora, reduced bacterial diversity, and metabolic pathway changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of gut microbiota in human health.
  • To establish a link between T2D and AD pathogenesis.
  • To explore the gut microbiota's contribution to obesity and inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current research on gut microbiota, T2D, and AD.
  • Comparative analysis of gut microbiota composition.
  • Accumulation of evidence on the role of gut microbes in metabolic disorders and neurodegeneration.

Main Results:

  • Obesity and T2D are linked to changes in gut microbiota composition.
  • Gut microbes are implicated in obesity, a state of chronic inflammation.
  • Inflammation, driven by gut microbiota, is a key factor in diabetes and AD pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding gut microbiota is crucial for addressing inflammation, diabetes, and AD.
  • Comparative analysis of gut microbiota may offer insights into AD's complex biology.
  • Further research can aid in early AD diagnosis, new therapeutic targets, and drug development.

More Related Videos

Osmotic Minipump Implantation for Increasing Glucose Concentration in Mouse Cerebrospinal Fluid06:21

Osmotic Minipump Implantation for Increasing Glucose Concentration in Mouse Cerebrospinal Fluid

Published on: April 7, 2023

Related Concept Videos

Gut-Brain Axis01:22

Gut-Brain Axis

The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such as...
Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer01:19

Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer

Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity, and disease...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...