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Related Concept Videos

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
Common Respiratory Disorders01:31

Common Respiratory Disorders

Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
Upper respiratory disorders impact the airways above the vocal cords, encompassing areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat. Various conditions fall under this category, including the common cold and allergic rhinitis. These disorders can stem from several causes,...
Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
Acute Respiratory Failure-V01:29

Acute Respiratory Failure-V

The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation

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Correction: Cevenini et al. Lytic or Latent Phase in Human Cytomegalovirus Infection: An Epigenetic Trigger. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2025, <i>26</i>, 11554.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
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An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Published on: December 10, 2013

New perspectives in Respiratory Syncitial Virus infection.

Antonio Del Vecchio1, Teresa Ferrara, Marco Maglione

  • 1Division of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Di Venere Hospital , Bari , Italy and.

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine : the Official Journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians
|September 25, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Respiratory syncitial virus (RSV) causes severe lung infections in children, particularly those with underlying health conditions. This review examines palivizumab prophylaxis, exploring cost-effectiveness and administration for high-risk infants.

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Published on: January 26, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Respiratory syncitial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in children globally.
  • RSV infection is linked to significant childhood morbidity and can lead to chronic respiratory conditions.
  • High-risk infants, including premature infants and those with congenital heart disease or immune defects, face severe RSV outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on RSV infection in children.
  • To analyze recent advancements in assessing cost-effective palivizumab prophylaxis.
  • To address uncertainties regarding RSV prophylaxis implementation in specific infant populations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of RSV infection and palivizumab prophylaxis.
  • Analysis of data on RSV severity predictors.
  • Evaluation of cost-effectiveness and administration strategies for palivizumab.

Main Results:

  • Palivizumab is safe and effective for preventing RSV hospitalization in high-risk infants.
  • High cost and complex delivery limit palivizumab accessibility.
  • Optimal implementation strategies for palivizumab, especially for 32- to 35-week-gestational age infants, require further clarification.

Conclusions:

  • RSV remains a critical pediatric respiratory pathogen.
  • Improving palivizumab accessibility and defining optimal prophylaxis protocols are essential.
  • Further research is needed to enhance cost-effective RSV prevention strategies.